#! /bin/sh # Poor man's jigdo - download and assemble Jigsaw Download files # Copyright 2001-2005 Richard Atterer # Portability improvements by J.A. Bezemer, Jan 2002 # License: GPL version 2 # These 4 variables can be overridden in ~/.jigdo-lite if necessary: jigdoOpts="--cache jigdo-file-cache.db" wgetOpts="--passive-ftp --dot-style=mega --continue --timeout=30" mirrors="mirrors.jigdo" tmpDir="." filesPerFetch=10 maxMissing=30 # Don't try fallback servers if x% or more of files missing rcFile="$HOME/.jigdo-lite" if test "x$OSTYPE" = "xmsys"; then windows=true OSTYPE=Windows mirrors="jigdo-bin/mirrors.jigdo" rcFile="jigdo-lite-settings.txt" egrep() { grep -E "$@"; } expr() { echo "$(($@))"; } filesPerFetch=5 # What's the command line length limit? nl='\r\n' else windows=false nl='\n' fi #______________________________________________________________________ # read with readline, only if running bash >=2.03 (-e gives error on POSIX) readLine="read" if test "x$BASH_VERSION" != "x"; then if test "x${BASH_VERSION#[2-9].}" != "x$BASH_VERSION"; then if test "x${BASH_VERSION#2.0[012]}" = "x$BASH_VERSION"; then readLine="read -e -r" fi fi else # Non-bash: Check whether "read -r" supported if (echo | read -r REPLY 2>/dev/null); then readLine="read -r" fi fi #______________________________________________________________________ # isURI # Returns 0 (true) if the supplied string is a HTTP/FTP URL, otherwise 1 isURI() { case "$1" in http:*|ftp:*|HTTP:*|FTP:*|file:*|FILE:*) return 0;; *) return 1; esac } #______________________________________________________________________ strEqual() { test "x$1" = "x$2"; } strNotEqual() { test "x$1" != "x$2"; } strEmpty() { test "x$1" = "x"; } strNotEmpty() { test "x$1" != "x"; } #______________________________________________________________________ # fetch ... # Download a file, storing it in the current dir fetch() { if test "$#" -eq 0; then return 0; fi wget --user-agent="$userAgent" $wgetOpts "$@" || return 1 } #______________________________________________________________________ # Given URLs, fetch them into $imageTmp, then merge them into image fetchAndMerge() { if test "$#" -eq 0; then return 0; fi fetch --force-directories --directory-prefix="$imageTmp" -- "$@" # Merge into the image $jigdoFile $jigdoOpts --no-cache make-image --image="$image" \ --jigdo="$jigdoF" --template="$template" "$imageTmp" jigdoErr="$?" if test "$jigdoErr" -ge 3; then echo "jigdo-file failed with code $jigdoErr - aborting." $error 1 fi # Delete imageTmp, to avoid taking up more space than necessary rm -rf "$imageTmp" return 0 } #______________________________________________________________________ # Prompt user to input value, assign result to $REPLY. If user just # presses Return, assign supplied default value instead. # input input() { prompt="" REPLY="" if strNotEmpty "$2"; then prompt=" [$2]"; fi printf "%s%s: " "$1" "$prompt" if $nonInteractive; then echo; else $readLine REPLY; fi if strEmpty "$REPLY"; then REPLY="$2"; fi } #______________________________________________________________________ # Read from $jigdoF and create a menu of images contained in the file. # If invoked just as "imageMenu", print out the menu. If invoked as # "imageMenu 5", set $image and $templateURI to the filename/URI of # the 5th menu entry. # The scan for [Image] sections stops when at least one such section # has been read and a non-[Image] section follows. This is not # correct, but speeds things up a lot because in many cases the large # [Parts] section does not have to be scanned. imageMenu() { imageSel="$1" curImageCount=0 section="" exec 3<"$jigdoF" l="" while true; do case "$l" in "[Image]"*) # Read image section contents unset image templateURI templateMD5 shortInfo info while $readLine l <&3; do case "$l" in "["*"]"*) break;; Filename=*) image="`echo $l | sed -e 's/^Filename= *//; s%[['\\''\"$\\\`|&/]%%g'`";; Template=*) templateURI="`echo $l | sed -e 's/^Template= *//; s%[['\\''\"$\\\`|&]%%g'`";; Template-MD5Sum=*) templateMD5="`echo $l | sed -e 's/^Template-MD5Sum= *//; s%[['\\''\"$\\\`|&/]%%g'`";; Template-MD5Sum=*) templateMD5="`echo $l | sed -e 's/^Template-MD5Sum= *//; s%[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]%%g'`";; ShortInfo=*) shortInfo="`echo $l | sed -e 's/^ShortInfo= *//; s%[[$\\\`|]%%g'`";; Info=*) info="`echo $l | sed -e 's/^Info= *//; s%[['\\''\"$\\\`|]%%g'`";; esac done # Image section read, check for validity if strNotEmpty "$image" && strNotEmpty "$templateURI"; then curImageCount="`expr $curImageCount + 1`" if strNotEmpty "$imageSel"; then # Return info for image selected via $imageSel if test "$imageSel" -eq "$curImageCount"; then exec 3<&-; return 0; fi else # Print image menu if strEmpty "$shortInfo"; then printf "%3d: %s\n" "$curImageCount" "$image" else printf "%3d: %s (%s)\n" "$curImageCount" "$shortInfo" "$image" fi fi fi case "$l" in "[Image]"*) continue;; esac # Abort early, avoid reading [Parts] imageCount="$curImageCount"; exec 3<&-; return 0;; *) # Skip other parts of the file while $readLine l <&3; do case "$l" in "["*"]"*) break;; esac done case "$l" in "["*"]"*) continue;; esac imageCount="$curImageCount"; exec 3<&-; return 0;; esac done imageCount="$curImageCount" exec 3<&- return 0 } #______________________________________________________________________ # Output a horizontal rule hrule() { echo echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------" } #______________________________________________________________________ # Download template, unless already present in current dir fetchTemplate() { if $fetchedTemplate; then return 0; fi echo template=`basename "$templateURI"` if strEmpty "$templateMD5"; then echo "[WARNING - \`Template-MD5Sum' missing from image section]" echo fi if test -r "$template" && strNotEmpty "$templateMD5"; then set -- `$jigdoFile md5sum --report=quiet "$template"` if test "$1" = "$templateMD5"; then echo "Not downloading .template file - \`$template' already present" fetchedTemplate=true return 0 fi # elif test -r "$template"; then # echo "Not downloading .template file - \`$template' already present" # fetchedTemplate=true # return 0 fi if isURI "$templateURI"; then # Absolute template URL echo 'Downloading .template file' # rm -f "$template" fetch --continue -- "$templateURI" elif isURI "$url"; then # Template URI is relative to absolute jigdo URL echo 'Downloading .template file' # rm -f "$template" fetch --continue -- `echo "$url" | sed 's%[^/]*$%%'`"$templateURI" else # Template URI is relative to local jigdo filename if $windows; then # This is a bit broken - we ought to replace / with \ in templateURI too template=`echo "$url" | sed 's%[^\]*$%%'`"$templateURI" else template=`echo "$url" | sed 's%[^/]*$%%'`"$templateURI" fi fi fetchedTemplate=true # Does template exist now? if test ! -r "$template"; then echo "File \`$template' does not exist!" $error 1 fi if strEmpty "$templateMD5"; then return 0; fi set -- `$jigdoFile md5sum --report=quiet "$template"` if strEqual "$1" "$templateMD5"; then return 0; fi echo "Error - template checksum mismatch!" echo "The .template file does not belong to the .jigdo file - the" echo "chances are high that the image generation process will break." echo "I will abort now. If you know better than me and want this error" echo "to be ignored, enter the string \"42\" to proceed." echo echo "Note that you might get this error if you resumed the download of a" echo ".template file, and that .template file has changed on the server in" echo "the meantime. In this case, you may be able to fix the problem by" echo "deleting the .template file and restarting jigdo-lite." input "" case $REPLY in *42*) return 0;; esac $error 1 } #______________________________________________________________________ # Write $rcFile saveOptions() { printf "jigdo='%s'${nl}debianMirror='%s'${nl}nonusMirror='%s'${nl}" \ "$jigdo" "$debianMirror" "$nonusMirror" >"$rcFile" printf "tmpDir='%s'${nl}jigdoOpts='%s'${nl}" \ "$tmpDir" "$jigdoOpts" >>"$rcFile" printf "wgetOpts='%s'${nl}scanMenu='%s'${nl}" \ "$wgetOpts" "$scanMenu" >>"$rcFile" } #______________________________________________________________________ finished() { hrule echo "Finished!" if $batch; then true; else echo "The fact that you got this far is a strong indication that \`$image'" echo "was generated correctly. I will perform an additional, final check," echo "which you can interrupt safely with Ctrl-C if you do not want to wait." fi echo $jigdoFile verify --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" --template="$template" \ $jigdoOpts return 0 } #______________________________________________________________________ # $0 is an URL or filename. Download/process it. selectImage() { url="$1" # Arg can be either URL or filename. Maybe download file if isURI "$url"; then jigdoF=`basename "$url"` echo if test -r "$jigdoF"; then echo "Not downloading .jigdo file - \`$jigdoF' already present" else echo "Downloading .jigdo file" fetch -- "$url" fi else jigdoF="$url" fi # Does jigdo exist now? if test ! -r "$jigdoF"; then echo "File \`$jigdoF' does not exist!" $error 1 fi # Try to gunzip it. In case of error, assume that it wasn't gzipped if gzip -cd "$jigdoF" >"$jigdoF.unpacked" 2>/dev/null; then jigdoF="$jigdoF.unpacked" else rm -f "$jigdoF.unpacked" fi #________________________________________ if $batch; then # Batch - download all images hrule echo "Images offered by \`$url':" imageMenu # print out menu, set $imageCount imageNr=1 while test "$imageNr" -le "$imageCount"; do imageMenu "$imageNr" # set $image and $templateURI hrule if test "$imageCount" -eq 1; then echo "Batch mode: Will download \`$image'" else echo "Batch mode: Will download \`$image' (image $imageNr out of $imageCount)" fi imageDownload imageNr="`expr $imageNr + 1`" askQuestions=false done else # Interactive - ask while true; do hrule echo "Images offered by \`$url':" imageMenu # print out menu, set imageCount if test "$imageCount" -eq 1; then imageMenu "1" # set $image and $templateURI imageDownload break # Only 1 image - don't loop asking for images to download else input "Number of image to download" "" if strEmpty "$REPLY"; then continue; fi if test "$REPLY" -ge 1 -a "$REPLY" -le "$imageCount"; then imageMenu "$REPLY" # set $image and $templateURI imageDownload || return 1 fi fi done fi case "$jigdoF" in *.unpacked) rm -f "$jigdoF";; esac } #______________________________________________________________________ scanFiles() { # If --scan on command line, never ask, just scan that path if strNotEmpty "$opt_filesToScan"; then echo "Path to scan: $opt_filesToScan" if $batch; then return 0; fi # Retrieve template if necessary, then supply files fetchTemplate || return 1 $jigdoFile make-image --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" \ --template="$template" $jigdoOpts "$opt_filesToScan" jigdoErr="$?" if test "$jigdoErr" -eq 0 -a -r "$image"; then finished $error 0 # All files were present on local filesystem elif test "$jigdoErr" -ge 3; then echo "jigdo-file failed with code $jigdoErr - aborting." $error 1 fi return 0 fi # Ask user for any parts on local filesystems while true; do hrule echo "If you already have a previous version of the CD you are" echo "downloading, jigdo can re-use files on the old CD that are also" echo "present in the new image, and you do not need to download them" if $windows; then echo "again. Enter the path to the old CD ROM's contents (e.g. \`d:\\')." else echo "again. Mount the old CD ROM and enter the path it is mounted under" echo "(e.g. \`/mnt/cdrom')." fi echo "Alternatively, just press enter if you want to start downloading" echo "the remaining files." shift "$#" # Solaris /bin/sh doesn't understand "set --" set -- $scanMenu if strNotEmpty "$1"; then echo echo "You can also enter a single digit from the list below to" echo "select the respective entry for scanning:" echo " 1: $1" if strNotEmpty "$2"; then echo " 2: $2"; fi if strNotEmpty "$3"; then echo " 3: $3"; fi if strNotEmpty "$4"; then echo " 4: $4"; fi if strNotEmpty "$5"; then echo " 5: $5"; fi fi input "Files to scan"; filesToScan="$REPLY" if strEmpty "$filesToScan"; then return 0; fi # Do not add supplied string to menu if... case "$filesToScan" in *" "*|*"'"*|*'`'*|*'"'*|*'$'*) ;; # ...it has bad chars 1) filesToScan="$1";; 2) filesToScan="$2";; 3) filesToScan="$3";; 4) filesToScan="$4";; 5) filesToScan="$5";; *) case " $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 " in *" $filesToScan "*) ;; # ...it is already in the menu *) set -- "$filesToScan" $scanMenu scanMenu="$1 $2 $3 $4 $5" saveOptions;; esac;; esac if strEmpty "$filesToScan"; then continue; fi # In batch mode, postpone template download, scan later if $batch; then return 0; fi # Retrieve template if necessary, then supply files fetchTemplate || return 1 $jigdoFile make-image --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" \ --template="$template" $jigdoOpts "$filesToScan" jigdoErr="$?" if test "$jigdoErr" -eq 0 -a -r "$image"; then finished $error 0 # All files were present on local filesystem elif test "$jigdoErr" -ge 3; then echo "jigdo-file failed with code $jigdoErr - aborting." $error 1 fi done } #______________________________________________________________________ selectServers() { if $askQuestions; then true; else return; fi # Crude check for whether any entry in the [Parts] section uses a # "Debian" or "Non-US" label. If yes, start Debian mirror selection # below. if $batch; then # If in batch mode, always ask the server questions; even though # the current .jigdo file might not use Debian servers, a later # one might, but we can't ask then. usesDebian=true usesNonus=true else usesDebian=false if egrep '^[^=]+= *["'\'']?Debian:' <"$jigdoF" >/dev/null; then usesDebian=true fi usesNonus=false if egrep '^[^=]+= *["'\'']?Non-US:' <"$jigdoF" >/dev/null; then usesNonus=true fi fi # Extra options to pass to jigdo-file for server selection uriOpts="" while $usesDebian; do hrule echo "The jigdo file refers to files stored on Debian mirrors. Please" echo "choose a Debian mirror as follows: Either enter a complete URL" echo "pointing to a mirror (in the form" echo "\`ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/'), or enter any regular expression" echo "for searching through the list of mirrors: Try a two-letter" echo "country code such as \`de', or a country name like \`United" echo "States', or a server name like \`sunsite'." input "Debian mirror" "$debianMirror" # Special-case two-letter country codes case "$REPLY" in [a-z][a-z]) REPLY="[. ]$REPLY[/. ]";; esac if isURI "$REPLY"; then # Turn any "file:/opt/mirror" into "file:/opt/mirror/" debianMirror=`echo $REPLY | sed -e 's%^ *\([^ ]*[^/ ]\)/*\( .*\)*$%\1/%'` saveOptions uriOpts="--uri Debian='$debianMirror'" break; fi egrep -i "$REPLY" "$mirrors" | sed -n -e 's/^Debian=//p' echo echo "An up-to-date copy of the above list is available at" echo "ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/README.mirrors.txt" done while $usesNonus; do hrule echo "The jigdo file also refers to the Non-US section of the Debian" echo "archive. Please repeat the mirror selection for Non-US. Do not" echo "simply copy the URL you entered above; this does not work because" echo "the path on the servers differs!" input "Debian non-US mirror" "$nonusMirror" case "$REPLY" in [a-z][a-z]) REPLY="[. ]$REPLY[/. ]";; esac if isURI "$REPLY"; then # Turn any "file:/opt/mirror" into "file:/opt/mirror/" nonusMirror=`echo $REPLY | sed -e 's%^ *\([^ ]*[^/ ]\)/*\( .*\)*$%\1/%'` saveOptions uriOpts="$uriOpts --uri Non-US='$nonusMirror'"; break; fi egrep -i "$REPLY" "$mirrors" | sed -n -e 's/^Non-US=//p' echo echo "An up-to-date copy of the above list is available at" echo "ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/README.non-US" done } #______________________________________________________________________ # $image: image filename # $templateURI: Absolute/relative URI from .jigdo file # $info: Info=... entry from .jigdo file imageDownload() { fetchedTemplate=false if strNotEmpty "$info"; then printf "\nFurther information about \`%s':\n" "$image" echo "$info" fi list="$image.list" # Create name of temporary dir, by stripping extension from $image imageTmp="`echo $image | sed 's%\.\(tmp|iso|raw\)%%'`" if test -f "$imageTmp" -o "x$imageTmp" = "x$image"; then imageTmp="$imageTmp.tmpdir" fi # Deal with leftover tmpdir from previous, interrupted download if $askQuestions && test -d "$imageTmp"; then hrule echo "The temporary directory \`$imageTmp' already exists. Its contents" echo "ARE GOING TO BE DELETED (possibly after having been copied to the" echo "image, if they are of interest for it). If you do not want this" echo "to happen, press Ctrl-C now. Otherwise, press Return to proceed." input "" fi if $askQuestions; then # Ask questions and scan dirs, set up $filesToScan scanFiles || return 1 if $batch; then selectServers; fi fi if $batch && strNotEmpty "$filesToScan$opt_filesToScan"; then # Retrieve template if necessary, then supply files. One of the # two variables $filesToScan and $opt_filesToScan is always empty fetchTemplate || return 1 $jigdoFile make-image --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" \ --template="$template" $jigdoOpts "$filesToScan$opt_filesToScan" jigdoErr="$?" if test "$jigdoErr" -eq 0 -a -r "$image"; then finished return 0 # All files were present on local filesystem elif test "$jigdoErr" -ge 3; then echo "jigdo-file failed with code $jigdoErr - aborting." return 1 fi fi # Read any files from non-empty tmpDir. Don't delete tmpDir yet, as # wget may resume some half-finished files if test -d "$imageTmp"; then fetchTemplate || return 1 # Merge into the image $jigdoFile $jigdoOpts --no-cache make-image --image="$image" \ --jigdo="$jigdoF" --template="$template" "$imageTmp" fi # Download files and merge them into the image. We instruct wget to # download 10 files at a time and then merge them. This way, compared # to downloading everything, the peak disc space usage is not twice # the size of the final image. while true; do if $batch; then true; else selectServers; fi fetchTemplate || return 1 hrule # If a "file:" URI was given instead of a server URL, try to merge # any files into the image. echo "Merging parts from \`file:' URIs, if any..." $jigdoFile print-missing-all --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" \ --template="$template" $jigdoOpts $uriOpts \ | egrep -v '^([a-zA-Z0-9.+_-]+:|$)' \ | $jigdoFile make-image --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" \ --template="$template" $jigdoOpts --files-from=- jigdoErr="$?" if test "$jigdoErr" -ge 3; then echo "jigdo-file failed with code $jigdoErr - aborting." $error 1 fi # First try to download all files using the first URL in the # print-missing-all list. If any files remain missing, add another # pass, this time try to download the missing files using the 2nd # URL, and so on. noMorePasses=false for pass in x xx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx; do $jigdoFile print-missing-all --image="$image" --jigdo="$jigdoF" \ --template="$template" $jigdoOpts $uriOpts \ | egrep -i '^(http:|ftp:|$)' >"$list" missingCount=`egrep '^$' <"$list" | wc -l | sed -e 's/ *//g'` # Accumulate URLs in $@, pass them to fetchAndMerge in batches shift "$#" # Solaris /bin/sh doesn't understand "set --" count="" exec 3<"$list" while $readLine url <&3; do count="x$count" if strEmpty "$url"; then count=""; continue; fi if test "$count" != "$pass"; then continue; fi if $noMorePasses; then hrule echo "$missingCount files not found in previous pass, trying" echo "alternative download locations:" echo fi noMorePasses=false set -- "$@" "$url" if test "$#" -ge "$filesPerFetch"; then if fetchAndMerge "$@"; then true; else exec 3<&-; return 1; fi shift "$#" # Solaris /bin/sh doesn't understand "set --" fi done exec 3<&- if test "$#" -ge 1; then fetchAndMerge "$@" || return 1; fi if $noMorePasses; then break; fi if test -r "$image"; then break; fi noMorePasses=true done rm -f "$list" if test -r "$image"; then break; fi hrule echo "Aaargh - $missingCount files could not be downloaded. This should not" echo "happen! Depending on the problem, it may help to retry downloading" echo "the missing files." if $batch; then return 1; fi if $usesDebian || $usesNonus; then echo "Also, you could try changing to another Debian or Non-US server," echo "in case the one you used is out of sync." fi echo echo "However, if all the files downloaded without errors and you" echo "still get this message, it means that the files changed on the" echo "server, so the image cannot be generated." if $usesDebian || $usesNonus; then echo "As a last resort, you could try to complete the CD image download" echo "by fetching the remaining data with rsync." fi echo echo "Press Return to retry downloading the missing files." echo "Press Ctrl-C to abort. (If you re-run jigdo-lite later, it will" echo "resume from here, the downloaded data is not lost if you press" echo "Ctrl-C now.)" input "" done finished } #====================================================================== echo echo 'Jigsaw Download "lite"' echo "Copyright (C) 2001-2005 | jigdo@" echo "Richard Atterer | atterer.net" jigdoFile="jigdo-file" jigdo-file --version >/dev/null 2>/dev/null if test "$?" -ne 0; then # Using ./jigdo-file is possibly a security risk, so only use if # nothing else is there if test -x "./jigdo-file"; then jigdoFile="./jigdo-file"; fi fi jigdoFileSameDir="`dirname $0`/jigdo-file" if test -x "$jigdoFileSameDir"; then jigdoFile="$jigdoFileSameDir"; fi mirrorsSameDir="`dirname $0`/$mirrors" if test -r "$mirrorsSameDir"; then mirrors="$mirrorsSameDir"; fi # Check for programs if $windows; then jigdoFile=jigdo-file else for prog in wget egrep sed gzip wc expr; do which "$prog" >/dev/null \ || echo "Could not find program \`$prog' - please install it!" done fi userAgent="jigdo-lite/`$jigdoFile --version 2>/dev/null | ($readLine jf v ver; echo $ver)` (`wget --version 2>/dev/null | ($readLine ver; echo $ver)`; $OSTYPE)" # Load preferences file, if present if test -f "$rcFile"; then echo "Loading settings from \`$rcFile'" mirrorsX="$mirrors" . "$rcFile" mirrors="$mirrorsX" # When upgrading from versions <0.6.9, update value of tmpDir if strEqual "$tmpDir" "tmp" || strEqual "$tmpDir" "temp"; then tmpDir="." fi fi # If running for the first time, try to read mirror info from sources.list if strEmpty "$debianMirror$nonusMirror" && test -f "/etc/apt/sources.list"; then echo "Getting mirror information from /etc/apt/sources.list" while $readLine deb url dist rest; do case "$deb $dist" in "deb "*/non-US) test "$nonusMirror" = "" && \ nonusMirror=`echo "$url"|sed 's%^copy://%file://%; s%//*$%/%'`;; "deb "*) test "$debianMirror" = "" && \ debianMirror=`echo "$url"|sed 's%^copy://%file://%; s%//*$%/%'`;; esac done <"/etc/apt/sources.list" fi #________________________________________ # Process command line switches batch=false nonInteractive=false while true; do case "$1" in --help|-h) echo echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS] [FILES or URLS...]" echo " -h --help Print this message" echo " -v --version Output version information" echo " --scan PATH Don't ask for \"Files to scan\", use this path" echo " --noask \"Press Return automatically\" for all " echo " questions, accepting the offered defaults" exit 0;; --version|-v) echo echo "$userAgent" exit 0;; --scan) opt_filesToScan="$2" shift 2;; --noask) nonInteractive=true shift 1;; *) break;; esac done #________________________________________ # No cmd line argument => prompt user if test "$#" -eq 0; then hrule echo "To resume a half-finished download, enter name of .jigdo file." echo "To start a new download, enter URL of .jigdo file." echo "You can also enter several URLs/filenames, separated with spaces," echo "or enumerate in {}, e.g. \`http://server/cd-{1_NONUS,2,3}.jigdo'" input "jigdo" "$jigdo" jigdo="$REPLY" set -- "$REPLY" saveOptions fi # Expand "a{b,c{x,y}}" into "ab acx acy". How's that for a sed script? # Test cases: # a{b,c{x,y},d{,2}} FAILS # fl{a,e,i,o,u}b # {wo{x,}of} # {a,b}x{1,2} set -- `echo "$*" | sed ' :a s%{\([^,]*\)}%\1%g s%{\(\([^{},]*,\)*\)\([^{},]*\){\([^,{}]*\),\{0,1\}\([^{}]*\)}\([^{}]*\)}%{\1\3\4,\3{\5}\6}% t a :b s%{\([^,]*\)}%\1%g s%\([^{ ]*\){\([^,{}]*\),\{0,1\}\([^{}]*\)}\([^ ]*\)%\1\2\4 \1{\3}\4% t b'` if test "$#" -gt 1; then hrule echo "You have asked me to process several files/URLs:" for file in "$@"; do echo " $file"; done batch=true echo echo "Entering batch mode" error="return" else error="exit" fi #________________________________________ askQuestions=true for url in "$@"; do selectImage "$url" done exit 0