// ========================================================== // Bitmap rotation by means of 3 shears. // // Design and implementation by // - Hervé Drolon (drolon@infonie.fr) // - Thorsten Radde (support@IdealSoftware.com) // // This file is part of FreeImage 3 // // COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY // OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES // THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE // OR NON-INFRINGING. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED // CODE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD ANY COVERED CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT, YOU (NOT // THE INITIAL DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY // SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL // PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER // THIS DISCLAIMER. // // Use at your own risk! // ========================================================== /* ============================================================ References : [1] Paeth A., A Fast Algorithm for General Raster Rotation. Graphics Gems, p. 179, Andrew Glassner editor, Academic Press, 1990. [2] Yariv E., High quality image rotation (rotate by shear). [Online] http://www.codeproject.com/bitmap/rotatebyshear.asp [3] Treskunov A., Fast and high quality true-color bitmap rotation function. [Online] http://anton.treskunov.net/Software/doc/fast_and_high_quality_true_color_bitmap_rotation_function.html ============================================================ */ #include "FreeImage.h" #include "Utilities.h" #define ROTATE_PI double (3.1415926535897932384626433832795) #define RBLOCK 64 // image blocks of RBLOCK*RBLOCK pixels ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Prototypes definition static void HorizontalSkew(FIBITMAP *src, FIBITMAP *dst, int row, int iOffset, double dWeight); static void VerticalSkew(FIBITMAP *src, FIBITMAP *dst, int col, int iOffset, double dWeight); static FIBITMAP* Rotate90(FIBITMAP *src); static FIBITMAP* Rotate180(FIBITMAP *src); static FIBITMAP* Rotate270(FIBITMAP *src); static FIBITMAP* Rotate45(FIBITMAP *src, double dAngle); static FIBITMAP* RotateAny(FIBITMAP *src, double dAngle); ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /** Skews a row horizontally (with filtered weights). Limited to 45 degree skewing only. Filters two adjacent pixels. @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @param dst Pointer to destination image @param row Row index @param iOffset Skew offset @param dWeight Relative weight of right pixel */ static void HorizontalSkew(FIBITMAP *src, FIBITMAP *dst, int row, int iOffset, BYTE Weight) { int i, j; int iXPos; int src_width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src); int dst_width = FreeImage_GetWidth(dst); switch(FreeImage_GetBPP(src)) { case 8: case 24: case 32: { BYTE pxlSrc[4], pxlLeft[4], pxlOldLeft[4]; // 4 = 32-bit max // calculate the number of bytes per pixel (1 for 8-bit, 3 for 24-bit or 4 for 32-bit) int bytespp = FreeImage_GetLine(src) / FreeImage_GetWidth(src); BYTE *src_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(src, row); BYTE *dst_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(dst, row); // fill gap left of skew with background if(iOffset > 0) { memset(dst_bits, 0, iOffset * bytespp); } memset(&pxlOldLeft[0], 0, bytespp); for(i = 0; i < src_width; i++) { // loop through row pixels memcpy(&pxlSrc[0], src_bits, bytespp); // calculate weights for(j = 0; j < bytespp; j++) { pxlLeft[j] = BYTE(((WORD)pxlSrc[j] * Weight) / 256); } // check boundaries iXPos = i + iOffset; if((iXPos >= 0) && (iXPos < dst_width)) { // update left over on source for(j = 0; j < bytespp; j++) { pxlSrc[j] = pxlSrc[j] - (pxlLeft[j] - pxlOldLeft[j]); } memcpy(&dst_bits[iXPos*bytespp], &pxlSrc[0], bytespp); } // save leftover for next pixel in scan memcpy(&pxlOldLeft[0], &pxlLeft[0], bytespp); // next pixel in scan src_bits += bytespp; } // go to rightmost point of skew iXPos = src_width + iOffset; if(iXPos < dst_width) { dst_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(dst, row) + iXPos * bytespp; // If still in image bounds, put leftovers there memcpy(dst_bits, &pxlOldLeft[0], bytespp); // clear to the right of the skewed line with background dst_bits += bytespp; memset(dst_bits, 0, bytespp * (dst_width - iXPos - 1)); } } break; } } /** Skews a column vertically (with filtered weights). Limited to 45 degree skewing only. Filters two adjacent pixels. @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @param dst Pointer to destination image @param col Column index @param iOffset Skew offset @param dWeight Relative weight of upper pixel */ static void VerticalSkew(FIBITMAP *src, FIBITMAP *dst, int col, int iOffset, BYTE Weight) { int i, j, iYPos; int src_height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src); int dst_height = FreeImage_GetHeight(dst); switch(FreeImage_GetBPP(src)) { case 8: case 24: case 32: { BYTE pxlSrc[4], pxlLeft[4], pxlOldLeft[4]; // 4 = 32-bit max // calculate the number of bytes per pixel (1 for 8-bit, 3 for 24-bit or 4 for 32-bit) int bytespp = FreeImage_GetLine(src) / FreeImage_GetWidth(src); unsigned src_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(src); unsigned dst_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(dst); unsigned index = col * bytespp; BYTE *src_bits = FreeImage_GetBits(src) + index; BYTE *dst_bits = FreeImage_GetBits(dst) + index; // fill gap above skew with background if(iOffset > 0) { for(i = 0; i < iOffset; i++) { memset(dst_bits, 0, bytespp); dst_bits += dst_pitch; } } memset(&pxlOldLeft[0], 0, bytespp); for(i = 0; i < src_height; i++) { // loop through column pixels memcpy(&pxlSrc[0], src_bits, bytespp); // calculate weights for(j = 0; j < bytespp; j++) { pxlLeft[j] = BYTE(((WORD)pxlSrc[j] * Weight) / 256); } // check boundaries iYPos = i + iOffset; if((iYPos >= 0) && (iYPos < dst_height)) { // update left over on source for(j = 0; j < bytespp; j++) { pxlSrc[j] = pxlSrc[j] - (pxlLeft[j] - pxlOldLeft[j]); } dst_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(dst, iYPos) + index; memcpy(dst_bits, &pxlSrc[0], bytespp); } // save leftover for next pixel in scan memcpy(&pxlOldLeft[0], &pxlLeft[0], bytespp); // next pixel in scan src_bits += src_pitch; } // go to bottom point of skew iYPos = src_height + iOffset; if(iYPos < dst_height) { dst_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(dst, iYPos) + index; // if still in image bounds, put leftovers there memcpy(dst_bits, &pxlOldLeft[0], bytespp); // clear below skewed line with background while(++iYPos < dst_height) { dst_bits += dst_pitch; memset(dst_bits, 0, bytespp); } } } break; } } /** Rotates an image by 90 degrees (counter clockwise). Precise rotation, no filters required.
Code adapted from CxImage (http://www.xdp.it/cximage.htm) @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @return Returns a pointer to a newly allocated rotated image if successful, returns NULL otherwise */ static FIBITMAP* Rotate90(FIBITMAP *src) { int x, y, y2; int bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src); int src_width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src); int src_height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src); int dst_width = src_height; int dst_height = src_width; // allocate and clear dst image FIBITMAP *dst = FreeImage_Allocate(dst_width, dst_height, bpp); if(NULL == dst) return NULL; // get src and dst scan width int src_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(src); int dst_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(dst); if(bpp == 1) { // speedy rotate for BW images BYTE *sbits, *dbits, *dbitsmax, bitpos, *nrow, *srcdisp; div_t div_r; BYTE *bsrc = FreeImage_GetBits(src); BYTE *bdest = FreeImage_GetBits(dst); dbitsmax = bdest + dst_height * dst_pitch - 1; for(y = 0; y < src_height; y++) { // figure out the column we are going to be copying to div_r = div(y, 8); // set bit pos of src column byte bitpos = (BYTE)(128 >> div_r.rem); srcdisp = bsrc + y * src_pitch; for (x = 0; x < src_pitch; x++) { // get source bits sbits = srcdisp + x; // get destination column nrow = bdest + (dst_height - 1 - (x * 8)) * dst_pitch + div_r.quot; for (int z = 0; z < 8; z++) { // get destination byte dbits = nrow - z * dst_pitch; if ((dbits < bdest) || (dbits > dbitsmax)) break; if (*sbits & (128 >> z)) *dbits |= bitpos; } } } } else if((bpp == 8) || (bpp == 24) || (bpp == 32)) { // anything other than BW : // This optimized version of rotation rotates image by smaller blocks. It is quite // a bit faster than obvious algorithm, because it produces much less CPU cache misses. // This optimization can be tuned by changing block size (RBLOCK). 96 is good value for current // CPUs (tested on Athlon XP and Celeron D). Larger value (if CPU has enough cache) will increase // speed somehow, but once you drop out of CPU's cache, things will slow down drastically. // For older CPUs with less cache, lower value would yield better results. int xs, ys; // x-segment and y-segment BYTE *bsrc = FreeImage_GetBits(src); // source pixels BYTE *bdest = FreeImage_GetBits(dst); // destination pixels // calculate the number of bytes per pixel (1 for 8-bit, 3 for 24-bit or 4 for 32-bit) int bytespp = FreeImage_GetLine(src) / FreeImage_GetWidth(src); for(xs = 0; xs < dst_width; xs += RBLOCK) { // for all image blocks of RBLOCK*RBLOCK pixels for(ys = 0; ys < dst_height; ys += RBLOCK) { for(y = ys; y < MIN(dst_height, ys + RBLOCK); y++) { // do rotation y2 = dst_height - y - 1; // point to src pixel at (y2, xs) BYTE *src_bits = bsrc + (xs * src_pitch) + (y2 * bytespp); // point to dst pixel at (xs, y) BYTE *dst_bits = bdest + (y * dst_pitch) + (xs * bytespp); for (x = xs; x < MIN(dst_width, xs + RBLOCK); x++) { // dst.SetPixel(x, y, src.GetPixel(y2, x)); for(int j = 0; j < bytespp; j++) { dst_bits[j] = src_bits[j]; } dst_bits += bytespp; src_bits += src_pitch; } } } } } return dst; } /** Rotates an image by 180 degrees (counter clockwise). Precise rotation, no filters required. @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @return Returns a pointer to a newly allocated rotated image if successful, returns NULL otherwise */ static FIBITMAP* Rotate180(FIBITMAP *src) { int x, y, k, pos; int bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src); int src_width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src); int src_height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src); int dst_width = src_width; int dst_height = src_height; FIBITMAP *dst = FreeImage_Allocate(dst_width, dst_height, bpp); if(NULL == dst) return NULL; if(bpp == 1) { for(int y = 0; y < src_height; y++) { BYTE *src_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(src, y); BYTE *dst_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(dst, dst_height - y - 1); for(int x = 0; x < src_width; x++) { // get bit at (x, y) k = (src_bits[x >> 3] & (0x80 >> (x & 0x07))) != 0; // set bit at (dst_width - x - 1, dst_height - y - 1) pos = dst_width - x - 1; k ? dst_bits[pos >> 3] |= (0x80 >> (pos & 0x7)) : dst_bits[pos >> 3] &= (0xFF7F >> (pos & 0x7)); } } } else if((bpp == 8) || (bpp == 24) || (bpp == 32)) { // Calculate the number of bytes per pixel (1 for 8-bit, 3 for 24-bit or 4 for 32-bit) int bytespp = FreeImage_GetLine(src) / FreeImage_GetWidth(src); for(y = 0; y < src_height; y++) { BYTE *src_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(src, y); BYTE *dst_bits = FreeImage_GetScanLine(dst, dst_height - y - 1) + (dst_width - 1) * bytespp; for(x = 0; x < src_width; x++) { // get pixel at (x, y) // set pixel at (dst_width - x - 1, dst_height - y - 1) for(k = 0; k < bytespp; k++) { dst_bits[k] = src_bits[k]; } src_bits += bytespp; dst_bits -= bytespp; } } } return dst; } /** Rotates an image by 270 degrees (counter clockwise). Precise rotation, no filters required.
Code adapted from CxImage (http://www.xdp.it/cximage.htm) @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @return Returns a pointer to a newly allocated rotated image if successful, returns NULL otherwise */ static FIBITMAP* Rotate270(FIBITMAP *src) { int x, x2, y, dlineup; int bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src); int src_width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src); int src_height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src); int dst_width = src_height; int dst_height = src_width; // allocate and clear dst image FIBITMAP *dst = FreeImage_Allocate(dst_width, dst_height, bpp); if(NULL == dst) return NULL; // get src and dst scan width int src_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(src); int dst_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(dst); if(bpp == 1) { // speedy rotate for BW images BYTE *sbits, *dbits, *dbitsmax, bitpos, *nrow, *srcdisp; div_t div_r; BYTE *bsrc = FreeImage_GetBits(src); BYTE *bdest = FreeImage_GetBits(dst); dbitsmax = bdest + dst_height * dst_pitch - 1; dlineup = 8 * dst_pitch - dst_width; for(y = 0; y < src_height; y++) { // figure out the column we are going to be copying to div_r = div(y + dlineup, 8); // set bit pos of src column byte bitpos = (BYTE)(1 << div_r.rem); srcdisp = bsrc + y * src_pitch; for (x = 0; x < src_pitch; x++) { // get source bits sbits = srcdisp + x; // get destination column nrow = bdest + (x * 8) * dst_pitch + dst_pitch - 1 - div_r.quot; for (int z = 0; z < 8; z++) { // get destination byte dbits = nrow + z * dst_pitch; if ((dbits < bdest) || (dbits > dbitsmax)) break; if (*sbits & (128 >> z)) *dbits |= bitpos; } } } } else if((bpp == 8) || (bpp == 24) || (bpp == 32)) { // anything other than BW : // This optimized version of rotation rotates image by smaller blocks. It is quite // a bit faster than obvious algorithm, because it produces much less CPU cache misses. // This optimization can be tuned by changing block size (RBLOCK). 96 is good value for current // CPUs (tested on Athlon XP and Celeron D). Larger value (if CPU has enough cache) will increase // speed somehow, but once you drop out of CPU's cache, things will slow down drastically. // For older CPUs with less cache, lower value would yield better results. int xs, ys; // x-segment and y-segment BYTE *bsrc = FreeImage_GetBits(src); // source pixels BYTE *bdest = FreeImage_GetBits(dst); // destination pixels // Calculate the number of bytes per pixel (1 for 8-bit, 3 for 24-bit or 4 for 32-bit) int bytespp = FreeImage_GetLine(src) / FreeImage_GetWidth(src); for(xs = 0; xs < dst_width; xs += RBLOCK) { // for all image blocks of RBLOCK*RBLOCK pixels for(ys = 0; ys < dst_height; ys += RBLOCK) { for(x = xs; x < MIN(dst_width, xs + RBLOCK); x++) { // do rotation x2 = dst_width - x - 1; // point to src pixel at (ys, x2) BYTE *src_bits = bsrc + (x2 * src_pitch) + (ys * bytespp); // point to dst pixel at (x, ys) BYTE *dst_bits = bdest + (ys * dst_pitch) + (x * bytespp); for (y = ys; y < MIN(dst_height, ys + RBLOCK); y++) { // dst.SetPixel(x, y, src.GetPixel(y, x2)); for(int j = 0; j < bytespp; j++) { dst_bits[j] = src_bits[j]; } src_bits += bytespp; dst_bits += dst_pitch; } } } } } return dst; } /** Rotates an image by a given degree in range [-45 .. +45] (counter clockwise) using the 3-shear technique. @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @param dAngle Rotation angle @return Returns a pointer to a newly allocated rotated image if successful, returns NULL otherwise */ static FIBITMAP* Rotate45(FIBITMAP *src, double dAngle) { int u; int bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src); double dRadAngle = dAngle * ROTATE_PI / double(180); // Angle in radians double dSinE = sin(dRadAngle); double dTan = tan(dRadAngle / 2); int src_width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src); int src_height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src); // Calc first shear (horizontal) destination image dimensions int width_1 = src_width + int((double)src_height * fabs(dTan) + 0.5); int height_1 = src_height; /******* Perform 1st shear (horizontal) ******/ // Allocate image for 1st shear FIBITMAP *dst1 = FreeImage_Allocate(width_1, height_1, bpp); if(NULL == dst1) { return NULL; } for(u = 0; u < height_1; u++) { double dShear; if(dTan >= 0) { // Positive angle dShear = (double(u) + 0.5) * dTan; } else { // Negative angle dShear = (double(int(u) - height_1) + 0.5) * dTan; } int iShear = int(floor(dShear)); HorizontalSkew(src, dst1, u, iShear, BYTE(255 * (dShear - double(iShear)) + 1)); } /******* Perform 2nd shear (vertical) ******/ // Calc 2nd shear (vertical) destination image dimensions int width_2 = width_1; int height_2 = int((double)src_width * fabs(dSinE) + (double)src_height * cos(dRadAngle) + 0.5) + 1; // Allocate image for 2nd shear FIBITMAP *dst2 = FreeImage_Allocate(width_2, height_2, bpp); if(NULL == dst2) { FreeImage_Unload(dst1); return NULL; } double dOffset; // Variable skew offset if(dSinE > 0) { // Positive angle dOffset = double(src_width - 1) * dSinE; } else { // Negative angle dOffset = -dSinE * double (src_width - width_2); } for(u = 0; u < width_2; u++, dOffset -= dSinE) { int iShear = int(floor(dOffset)); VerticalSkew(dst1, dst2, u, iShear, BYTE(255 * (dOffset - double(iShear)) + 1)); } /******* Perform 3rd shear (horizontal) ******/ // Free result of 1st shear FreeImage_Unload(dst1); // Calc 3rd shear (horizontal) destination image dimensions int width_3 = int(double(src_height) * fabs(dSinE) + double(src_width) * cos(dRadAngle) + 0.5) + 1; int height_3 = height_2; // Allocate image for 3rd shear FIBITMAP *dst3 = FreeImage_Allocate(width_3, height_3, bpp); if(NULL == dst3) { FreeImage_Unload(dst2); return NULL; } if(dSinE >= 0) { // Positive angle dOffset = double(src_width - 1) * dSinE * -dTan; } else { // Negative angle dOffset = dTan * (double(src_width - 1) * -dSinE + double(1 - height_3)); } for(u = 0; u < height_3; u++, dOffset += dTan) { int iShear = int(floor(dOffset)); HorizontalSkew(dst2, dst3, u, iShear, BYTE(255 * (dOffset - double (iShear)) + 1)); } // Free result of 2nd shear FreeImage_Unload(dst2); // Return result of 3rd shear return dst3; } /** Rotates a 1-, 8-, 24- or 32-bit image by a given angle (given in degree). Angle is unlimited, except for 1-bit images (limited to integer multiples of 90 degree). 3-shears technique is used. @param src Pointer to source image to rotate @param dAngle Rotation angle @return Returns a pointer to a newly allocated rotated image if successful, returns NULL otherwise */ static FIBITMAP* RotateAny(FIBITMAP *src, double dAngle) { if(NULL == src) { return NULL; } FIBITMAP *image = src; while(dAngle >= 360) { // Bring angle to range of (-INF .. 360) dAngle -= 360; } while(dAngle < 0) { // Bring angle to range of [0 .. 360) dAngle += 360; } if((dAngle > 45) && (dAngle <= 135)) { // Angle in (45 .. 135] // Rotate image by 90 degrees into temporary image, // so it requires only an extra rotation angle // of -45 .. +45 to complete rotation. image = Rotate90(src); dAngle -= 90; } else if((dAngle > 135) && (dAngle <= 225)) { // Angle in (135 .. 225] // Rotate image by 180 degrees into temporary image, // so it requires only an extra rotation angle // of -45 .. +45 to complete rotation. image = Rotate180(src); dAngle -= 180; } else if((dAngle > 225) && (dAngle <= 315)) { // Angle in (225 .. 315] // Rotate image by 270 degrees into temporary image, // so it requires only an extra rotation angle // of -45 .. +45 to complete rotation. image = Rotate270(src); dAngle -= 270; } // If we got here, angle is in (-45 .. +45] if(NULL == image) { // Failed to allocate middle image return NULL; } if(0 == dAngle) { if(image == src) { // Nothing to do ... return FreeImage_Clone(src); } else { // No more rotation needed return image; } } else { // Perform last rotation FIBITMAP *dst = Rotate45(image, dAngle); if(src != image) { // Middle image was required, free it now. FreeImage_Unload(image); } return dst; } } // ========================================================== FIBITMAP *DLL_CALLCONV FreeImage_RotateClassic(FIBITMAP *dib, double angle) { if(!dib) return NULL; if(0 == angle) { return FreeImage_Clone(dib); } // DIB are stored upside down ... angle *= -1; try { int bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(dib); if(bpp == 1) { // only rotate for integer multiples of 90 degree if(fmod(angle, 90) != 0) return NULL; // perform the rotation FIBITMAP *dst = RotateAny(dib, angle); if(!dst) throw(1); // build a greyscale palette RGBQUAD *dst_pal = FreeImage_GetPalette(dst); if(FreeImage_GetColorType(dib) == FIC_MINISBLACK) { dst_pal[0].rgbRed = dst_pal[0].rgbGreen = dst_pal[0].rgbBlue = 0; dst_pal[1].rgbRed = dst_pal[1].rgbGreen = dst_pal[1].rgbBlue = 255; } else { dst_pal[0].rgbRed = dst_pal[0].rgbGreen = dst_pal[0].rgbBlue = 255; dst_pal[1].rgbRed = dst_pal[1].rgbGreen = dst_pal[1].rgbBlue = 0; } return dst; } if((bpp == 8) || (bpp == 24) || (bpp == 32)) { FIBITMAP *dst = RotateAny(dib, angle); if(!dst) throw(1); if(bpp == 8) { // copy original palette to rotated bitmap RGBQUAD *src_pal = FreeImage_GetPalette(dib); RGBQUAD *dst_pal = FreeImage_GetPalette(dst); memcpy(&dst_pal[0], &src_pal[0], 256 * sizeof(RGBQUAD)); } return dst; } } catch(int) { return NULL; } return NULL; }