/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005, Eric Crahen
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
 * to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#ifndef __ZTSINGLETON_H__
#define __ZTSINGLETON_H__

#include "zthread/Guard.h"
#include "zthread/FastMutex.h"
#include <assert.h>

namespace ZThread {

//
// This policy controls how an object is instantiated
// as well as how and when its destroyed. Phoenix-style
// singletons are not supported easily with type of policy, 
// this is intentional since I do not believe that is in
// the true spirit of a singleton.
//
// InstantiationPolicContract {
//
//  create(pointer_type&)
//
// }

/**
 * @class LocalStaticInstantiation
 * @author Eric Crahen <http://www.code-foo.com>
 * @date <2003-07-16T17:57:45-0400>
 * @version 2.2.0 
 *
 * The LocalStaticInstantiation policy allows the creation 
 * and lifetime of an instance of a particular type
 * to be managed using static local values. This will
 * abide by the standard C++ rules for static objects
 * lifetimes.
 */
class LocalStaticInstantiation {
protected:

  /**
   * Create an instance of an object, using a local static. The
   * object will be destroyed by the system.
   *
   * @param ptr reference to location to receive the address 
   * of the allocated object
   */
  template <class T>
  static void create(T*& ptr) {
    
    static T instance;
    ptr = &instance;

  }

};

//! Helper class
template <class T>
class StaticInstantiationHelper {
  //! Friend class
  friend class StaticInstantiation;
  //! Holder
  static T instance;

 };

 template <class T>
 T StaticInstantiationHelper<T>::instance;

/**
 * @class StaticInstantiation
 * @author Eric Crahen <http://www.code-foo.com>
 * @date <2003-07-16T17:57:45-0400>
 * @version 2.2.0 
 *
 * The StaticInstantiation policy allows the creation 
 * and lifetime of an instance of a particular type
 * to be managed using static instantiation. This will
 * abide by the standard C++ rules for static objects
 * lifetimes.
 */
class StaticInstantiation {
protected:

  /**
   * Create an instance of an object using by simply allocating it statically.
   *
   * @param ptr reference to location to receive the address 
   * of the allocated object
   */
  template <class T>
  static void create(T*& ptr) {
    ptr = &StaticInstantiationHelper<T>::instance;
  }

};

//! SingletonDestroyer
template <class T>
class Destroyer {
  
  T* doomed;
  
 public:
  
  Destroyer(T* q) : doomed(q) {
    assert(doomed);
  }
  
  ~Destroyer();

};

template <class T>
Destroyer<T>::~Destroyer() {
  
  try {
    
    if(doomed)
      delete doomed;
    
  } catch(...) { }
  
  doomed = 0;
  
}   


/**
 * @class LazyInstantiation
 * @author Eric Crahen <http://www.code-foo.com>
 * @date <2003-07-16T17:57:45-0400>
 * @version 2.2.0
 *
 * The LazyInstantiation policy allows the creation 
 * and lifetime of an instance of a particular type
 * to be managed using dynamic allocation and a singleton
 * destroyer. This will abide by the standard C++ rules 
 * for static objects lifetimes.
 */
class LazyInstantiation {
protected:

  /**
   * Create an instance of an object, using new, that will be
   * destroyed when an associated Destroyer object (allocated
   * statically) goes out of scope.
   *
   * @param ptr reference to location to receive the address 
   * of the allocated object
   */
  template <class T>
  static void create(T*& ptr) {
  
    ptr = new T;
    static Destroyer<T> destroyer(ptr);
  
  }

};

  
/**
 * @class Singleton
 * @author Eric Crahen <http://www.code-foo.com>
 * @date <2003-07-16T17:57:45-0400>
 * @version 2.2.0 
 *
 * Based on the work of John Vlissidles in his book 'Pattern Hatching'
 * an article by Douglas Schmidtt on double-checked locking and policy
 * templates described by Andrei Alexandrescu.
 *
 * This is a thread safe wrapper for creating Singleton classes. The 
 * synchronization method and instantiation methods can be changed
 * easily by specifying different policy implementations as the 
 * templates parameters.
 *
 * @code
 *
 * // Most common Singleton
 * Singletion<LonesomeType>
 *
 * // Singleton that uses static storage 
 * Singletion<LonesomeType, StaticInstantiation>
 *
 * // Single-threaded singleton that uses static storage (Meyers-like)
 * Singletion<LonesomeType, LocalStaticInstantiation, NotLocked>
 *
 * @endcode
 */
template <class T, class InstantiationPolicy=LazyInstantiation, class LockType=FastMutex>
class Singleton : private InstantiationPolicy, private NonCopyable {
public:

  /**
   * Provide access to the single instance through double-checked locking 
   *
   * @return T* single instance 
   */
  static T* instance();

};

template <class T, class InstantiationPolicy, class LockType>
T* Singleton<T, InstantiationPolicy, LockType>::instance() {

    // Uses local static storage to avoid static construction
    // sequence issues. (regaring when the lock is created)
    static T* ptr = 0;    
    static LockType lock;

    if(!ptr) {

      Guard<LockType, LockedScope> g(lock);
      if(!ptr)        
        InstantiationPolicy::create(ptr);

    }
    
    return const_cast<T*>(ptr);
    
  }


};

#endif