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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "DateTime::Locale 3"
.TH DateTime::Locale 3 "2007-12-31" "perl v5.8.8" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.SH "NAME"
DateTime::Locale \- Localization support for DateTime.pm
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&  use DateTime::Locale;
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  my $loc = DateTime::Locale->load('en_GB');
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  print $loc->native_locale_name,    "\en",
\&        $loc->long_datetime_format, "\en";
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  # but mostly just things like ...
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  my $dt = DateTime->now( locale => 'fr' );
\&  print "Aujourd'hui le mois est " . $dt->month_name, "\en":
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
DateTime::Locale is primarily a factory for the various locale
subclasses.  It also provides some functions for getting information
on available locales.
.PP
If you want to know what methods are available for locale objects,
then please read the \f(CW\*(C`DateTime::Locale::Base\*(C'\fR documentation.
.SH "USAGE"
.IX Header "USAGE"
This module provides the following class methods:
.ie n .IP "* load( $locale_id\fR | \f(CW$locale_name\fR | \f(CW$alias )" 4
.el .IP "* load( \f(CW$locale_id\fR | \f(CW$locale_name\fR | \f(CW$alias\fR )" 4
.IX Item "load( $locale_id | $locale_name | $alias )"
Returns the locale object for the specified locale id, name, or alias
\&\- see the \f(CW\*(C`DateTime::LocaleCatalog\*(C'\fR documentation for a list of built
in names and ids.  The name provided may be either the English or
native name.
.Sp
If the requested locale is not found, a fallback search takes place to
find a suitable replacement.
.Sp
The fallback search order is:
.Sp
.Vb 5
\&  language_script_territory
\&  language_script
\&  language_territory_variant
\&  language_territory
\&  language
.Ve
.Sp
Eg. For locale \f(CW\*(C`es_XX_UNKNOWN\*(C'\fR the fallback search would be:
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&  es_XX_UNKNOWN   # Fails - no such locale
\&  es_XX           # Fails - no such locale
\&  es              # Found - the es locale is returned as the
\&                  # closest match to the requested id
.Ve
.Sp
Eg. For locale \f(CW\*(C`es_Latn_XX\*(C'\fR the fallback search would be:
.Sp
.Vb 5
\&  es_Latn_XX      # Fails - no such locale
\&  es_Latn         # Fails - no such locale
\&  es_XX           # Fails - no such locale
\&  es              # Found - the es locale is returned as the
\&                  # closest match to the requested id
.Ve
.Sp
If no suitable replacement is found, then an exception is thrown.
.Sp
Please note that if you provide an \fBid\fR to this method, then the
returned locale object's \f(CW\*(C`id()\*(C'\fR method will \fBalways\fR return the
value you gave, even if that value was an alias to some other id.
.Sp
This is done for forwards compatibility, in case something that is
currently an alias becomes a unique locale in the future.
.Sp
This means that the value of \f(CW\*(C`id()\*(C'\fR and the object's class may not
match.
.Sp
The loaded locale is cached, so that \fBlocale objects may be
singletons\fR.  Calling \f(CW\*(C`register()\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`add_aliases()\*(C'\fR,
or \f(CW\*(C`remove_alias()\*(C'\fR clears the cache.
.IP "* ids" 4
.IX Item "ids"
.Vb 2
\&  my @ids = DateTime::Locale->ids;
\&  my $ids = DateTime::Locale->ids;
.Ve
.Sp
Returns an unsorted list of the available locale ids, or an array
reference if called in a scalar context.  This list does not include
aliases.
.IP "* names" 4
.IX Item "names"
.Vb 2
\&  my @names = DateTime::Locale->names;
\&  my $names = DateTime::Locale->names;
.Ve
.Sp
Returns an unsorted list of the available locale names in English, or
an array reference if called in a scalar context.
.IP "* native_names" 4
.IX Item "native_names"
.Vb 2
\&  my @names = DateTime::Locale->native_names;
\&  my $names = DateTime::Locale->native_names;
.Ve
.Sp
Returns an unsorted list of the available locale names in their native
language, or an array reference if called in a scalar context. All
native names are utf8 encoded.
.Sp
\&\fB\s-1NB\s0\fR: Many locales are only partially translated, so some native
locale names may still contain some English.
.ie n .IP "* add_aliases ( $alias1\fR => \f(CW$id1\fR, \f(CW$alias2\fR => \f(CW$id2, ... )" 4
.el .IP "* add_aliases ( \f(CW$alias1\fR => \f(CW$id1\fR, \f(CW$alias2\fR => \f(CW$id2\fR, ... )" 4
.IX Item "add_aliases ( $alias1 => $id1, $alias2 => $id2, ... )"
Adds an alias to an existing locale id. This allows a locale to be
\&\f(CW\*(C`load()\*(C'\fRed by its alias rather than id or name. Multiple aliases are
allowed.
.Sp
If the passed locale id is neither registered nor listed in
\&\*(L"\s-1AVAILABLE\s0 \s-1LOCALES\s0\*(R", an exception is thrown.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& DateTime::Locale->add_aliases( LastResort => 'es_ES' );
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # Equivalent to DateTime::Locale->load('es_ES');
\& DateTime::Locale->load('LastResort');
.Ve
.Sp
You can also pass a hash reference to this method.
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& DateTime::Locale->add_aliases( { Default     => 'en_GB',
\&                                  Alternative => 'en_US',
\&                                  LastResort  => 'es_ES' } );
.Ve
.ie n .IP "* remove_alias( $alias )" 4
.el .IP "* remove_alias( \f(CW$alias\fR )" 4
.IX Item "remove_alias( $alias )"
Removes a locale id alias, and returns true if the specified alias
actually existed.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& DateTime::Locale->add_aliases( LastResort => 'es_ES' );
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # Equivalent to DateTime::Locale->load('es_ES');
\& DateTime::Locale->load('LastResort');
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& DateTime::Locale->remove_alias('LastResort');
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # Throws an exception, 'LastResort' no longer exists
\& DateTime::Locale->load('LastResort');
.Ve
.IP "* register( { ... }, { ... } )" 4
.IX Item "register( { ... }, { ... } )"
This method allows you to register custom locales with the module.  A
single locale is specified as a hash, and you may register multiple
locales at once by passing an array of hash references.
.Sp
Until registered, custom locales cannot be instantiated via \f(CW\*(C`load()\*(C'\fR
and will not be returned by querying methods such as \f(CW\*(C`ids()\*(C'\fR or
\&\f(CW\*(C`names()\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& register( id               => $locale_id,
\&           en_language      => ..., # something like 'English' or 'Afar',
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&           # All other keys are optional.  These are:
\&           en_script    => ...,
\&           en_territory => ...,
\&           en_variant   => ...,
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 4
\&           native_language  => ...,
\&           native_sript     => ...,
\&           native_territory => ...,
\&           native_variant   => ...,
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&           # Optional - defaults to DateTime::Locale::$locale_id
\&           class                => $class_name,
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&           replace          => $boolean
\&         )
.Ve
.Sp
The locale id and English name are required, and the following formats
should used wherever possible:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& id:   languageId[_script][_territoryId[_variantId]]
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& Where:  languageId = Lower case ISO 639 code -
\&         Always choose 639-1 over 639-2 where possible.
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& script = Title Case ISO 15924 script code
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& territoryId = Upper case ISO 3166 code -
\&               Always choose 3166-1 over 3166-2 where possible.
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& variantId = Upper case variant id -
\&             Basically anything you want, since this is typically the
\&             component that uniquely identifies a custom locale.
.Ve
.Sp
You cannot not use '@' or '=' in locale ids \- these are reserved for
future use.  The underscore (_) is the component separator, and should
not be used for any other purpose.
.Sp
If the \*(L"native_*\*(R" components are supplied, they must be utf8 encoded
and follow:
.Sp
If omitted, the native name is assumed to be identical to the English
name.
.Sp
If class is supplied, it must be the full module name of your custom
locale. If omitted, the locale module is assumed to be a
DateTime::Locale subclass.
.Sp
Examples:
.Sp
.Vb 6
\& DateTime::Locale->register
\&     ( id => 'en_GB_RIDAS',
\&       en_language  => 'English',
\&       en_territory => 'United Kingdom',
\&       en_variant   => 'Ridas Custom Locale',
\&     );
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # Returns instance of class DateTime::Locale::en_GB_RIDAS
\& my $l = DateTime::Locale->load('en_GB_RIDAS');
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 7
\& DateTime::Locale->register
\&     ( id => 'hu_HU',
\&       en_language  => 'Hungarian',
\&       en_territory => Hungary',
\&       native_language  => 'Magyar',
\&       native_territory => 'Magyarország',
\&     );
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\& # Returns instance of class DateTime::Locale::hu_HU
\& my $l = DateTime::Locale->load('hu_HU');
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 5
\& DateTime::Locale->register
\&     ( id    => 'en_GB_RIDAS',
\&       name  => 'English United Kingdom Ridas custom locale',
\&       class => 'Ridas::Locales::CustomGB',
\&     );
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& # Returns instance of class Ridas::Locales::CustomGB
\& # NOT Ridas::Locales::Custom::en_GB_RIDAS !
\& my $l = DateTime::Locale->load('en_GB_RIDAS');
.Ve
.Sp
If you register a locale for an id that already exists, the \*(L"replace\*(R"
parameter must be true or an exception will be thrown.
.Sp
The complete name for a registered locale is generated by joining
together the language, territory, and variant components with a single
space.
.Sp
This means that in the first example, the complete English and native
names for the locale would be \*(L"English United Kingdom Ridas Custom
Locale\*(R", and in the second example the complete English name is
\&\*(L"Hungarian Hungary\*(R", while the complete native name is \*(L"Magyar
Magyarország\*(R".  The locale will be loadable by these complete names
(English and native), via the \f(CW\*(C`load()\*(C'\fR method.
.SH "ADDING CUSTOM LOCALES"
.IX Header "ADDING CUSTOM LOCALES"
These are added in one of two ways:
.IP "1." 4
Subclass an existing locale implementing only the changes you require.
.IP "2." 4
Create a completely new locale.
.PP
In either case the locale \s-1MUST\s0 be registered before use.
.Sh "Subclass an existing locale."
.IX Subsection "Subclass an existing locale."
The following example sublasses the United Kingdom English locale to
provide different date/time formats:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  package Ridas::Locale::en_GB_RIDAS1;
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use strict;
\&  use DateTime::Locale::en_GB;
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  @Ridas::Locale::en_GB_RIDAS1::ISA = qw ( DateTime::Locale::en_GB );
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  my $locale_id = 'en_GB_RIDAS1';
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 7
\&  my $date_formats =
\&  {
\&    'full'   => '%A %{day} %B %{ce_year}',
\&    'long'   => '%{day} %B %{ce_year}',
\&    'medium' => '%{day} %b %{ce_year}',
\&    'short'  => '%{day}/%m/%y',
\&  };
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 7
\&  my $time_formats =
\&  {
\&    'full'   => '%H h  %{minute} %{time_zone_short_name}',
\&    'long'   => '%{hour12}:%M:%S %p',
\&    'medium' => '%{hour12}:%M:%S %p',
\&    'short'  => '%{hour12}:%M %p',
\&  };
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  sub short_date_format  { $date_formats{short} }
\&  sub medium_date_format { $date_formats{medium} }
\&  sub long_date_format   { $date_formats{long} }
\&  sub full_date_format   { $date_formats{full} }
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  sub short_time_format  { $time_formats{short} }
\&  sub medium_time_format { $time_formats{medium} }
\&  sub long_time_format   { $time_formats{long} }
\&  sub full_time_format   { $time_formats{full} }
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  1;
.Ve
.PP
Now register it:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& DateTime::Locale->register
\&     ( id       => 'en_GB_RIDAS1',
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&       # name, territory, and variant as described in register() documentation
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&       class => 'Ridas::Locale::en_GB_RIDAS1' );
.Ve
.Sh "Creating a completely new locale"
.IX Subsection "Creating a completely new locale"
A completely new custom locale must implement the following methods:
.PP
.Vb 7
\&  id
\&  month_names
\&  month_abbreviations
\&  day_names
\&  day_abbreviations
\&  am_pms
\&  eras
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  short_date_format
\&  medium_date_format
\&  long_date_format
\&  full_date_format
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  short_time_format
\&  medium_time_format
\&  long_time_format
\&  full_time_format
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  datetime_format_pattern_order
\&  date_parts_order
\&  _default_date_format_length
\&  _default_time_format_length
.Ve
.PP
See \f(CW\*(C`DateTime::Locale::Base\*(C'\fR for a description of each method, and
take a look at \fIDateTime/Locale/root.pm\fR for an example of a complete
implementation.
.PP
You are, of course, free to subclass \f(CW\*(C`DateTime::Locale::Base\*(C'\fR if you
want to, though this is not required.
.PP
Once created, remember to register it!
.PP
Of course, you can always do the registration in the module itself,
and simply load it before using it.
.SH "LOCALE OBJECT METHODS"
.IX Header "LOCALE OBJECT METHODS"
All objects that inherit from \f(CW\*(C`DateTime::Locale::Base\*(C'\fR will offer
certain methods.  All the included locales are
\&\f(CW\*(C`DateTime::Locale::Base\*(C'\fR subclasses.
.PP
The following methods can be used to get information about the
locale's id and name.
.IP "* id" 4
.IX Item "id"
The complete locale id, something like \*(L"en_US\*(R".
.IP "* language_id" 4
.IX Item "language_id"
The language portion of the id, like \*(L"en\*(R".
.IP "* script_id" 4
.IX Item "script_id"
The script portion of the id, like \*(L"Hant\*(R".
.IP "* territory_id" 4
.IX Item "territory_id"
The territory portion of the id, like \*(L"\s-1US\s0\*(R".
.IP "* variant_id" 4
.IX Item "variant_id"
The variant portion of the id, like \*(L"\s-1PREEURO\s0\*(R".
.IP "* name" 4
.IX Item "name"
The locale's complete name, which always includes at least a language
component, plus optional territory and variant components.  Something
like \*(L"English United States\*(R".  The value returned will always be in
English.
.IP "* language" 4
.IX Item "language"
.PD 0
.IP "* script" 4
.IX Item "script"
.IP "* territory" 4
.IX Item "territory"
.IP "* variant" 4
.IX Item "variant"
.PD
The relevant component from the locale's complete name, like \*(L"English\*(R"
or \*(L"United States\*(R".
.IP "* native_name" 4
.IX Item "native_name"
The locale's complete name in localized form as a \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string.
.IP "* native_language" 4
.IX Item "native_language"
.PD 0
.IP "* native_script" 4
.IX Item "native_script"
.IP "* native_territory" 4
.IX Item "native_territory"
.IP "* native_variant" 4
.IX Item "native_variant"
.PD
The relevant component from the locale's complete native name as a
\&\s-1UTF\-8\s0 string.
.PP
The following methods all accept a \f(CW\*(C`DateTime.pm\*(C'\fR object and return
a localized name.
.IP "* month_name ($dt)" 4
.IX Item "month_name ($dt)"
.PD 0
.IP "* month_abbreviation ($dt)" 4
.IX Item "month_abbreviation ($dt)"
.IP "* day_name ($dt)" 4
.IX Item "day_name ($dt)"
.IP "* day_abbreviation ($dt)" 4
.IX Item "day_abbreviation ($dt)"
.IP "* am_pm ($dt)" 4
.IX Item "am_pm ($dt)"
.PD
.PP
The following methods return strings appropriate for the
\&\f(CW\*(C`DateTime.pm\*(C'\fR \f(CW\*(C`strftime()\*(C'\fR method:
.IP "* full_date_format" 4
.IX Item "full_date_format"
.PD 0
.IP "* long_date_format" 4
.IX Item "long_date_format"
.IP "* medium_date_format" 4
.IX Item "medium_date_format"
.IP "* short_date_format" 4
.IX Item "short_date_format"
.IP "* full_time_format" 4
.IX Item "full_time_format"
.IP "* long_time_format" 4
.IX Item "long_time_format"
.IP "* medium_time_format" 4
.IX Item "medium_time_format"
.IP "* short_time_format" 4
.IX Item "short_time_format"
.IP "* full_datetime_format" 4
.IX Item "full_datetime_format"
.IP "* long_datetime_format" 4
.IX Item "long_datetime_format"
.IP "* medium_datetime_format" 4
.IX Item "medium_datetime_format"
.IP "* short_datetime_format" 4
.IX Item "short_datetime_format"
.PD
.PP
The following methods deal with the default format lengths:
.IP "default_date_format_length" 4
.IX Item "default_date_format_length"
.PD 0
.IP "default_time_format_length" 4
.IX Item "default_time_format_length"
.PD
These methods return one of \*(L"full\*(R", \*(L"long\*(R", \*(L"medium\*(R", or \*(L"short\*(R",
indicating the current default format length.
.Sp
The default when an object is created is determined by the \s-1CLDR\s0 locale
data.
.IP "set_default_date_format_length ($length)" 4
.IX Item "set_default_date_format_length ($length)"
.PD 0
.IP "set_default_time_format_length ($length)" 4
.IX Item "set_default_time_format_length ($length)"
.PD
These methods accept one of \*(L"full\*(R", \*(L"long\*(R", \*(L"medium\*(R", or \*(L"short\*(R",
indicating the new default format length.
.PP
The following methods can be used to get the object's raw localization
data.  If a method returns a reference, altering it will alter the
object, so make a copy if you need to do so.
.IP "* month_names" 4
.IX Item "month_names"
Returns an array reference containing the full names of the months,
with January as the first month.
.IP "* month_abbreviations" 4
.IX Item "month_abbreviations"
Returns an array reference containing the abbreviated names of the
months, with January as the first month.
.IP "* month_narrows" 4
.IX Item "month_narrows"
Returns an array reference containing the narrow names of the months,
with January as the first month.  Narrow names are the shortest
possible names, and may not be unique.
.IP "* day_names" 4
.IX Item "day_names"
Returns an array reference containing the full names of the days,
with Monday as the first day.
.IP "* day_abbreviations" 4
.IX Item "day_abbreviations"
Returns an array reference containing the abbreviated names of the
days, with Monday as the first day.
.IP "* day_narrows" 4
.IX Item "day_narrows"
Returns an array reference containing the narrow names of the days,
with Monday as the first day.  Narrow names are the shortest possible
names, and may not be unique.
.IP "* am_pms" 4
.IX Item "am_pms"
Returns an array reference containing the localized forms of \*(L"\s-1AM\s0\*(R" and
\&\*(L"\s-1PM\s0\*(R".
.IP "* eras" 4
.IX Item "eras"
Returns an array reference containing the localized forms of \*(L"\s-1BCE\s0\*(R" and
\&\*(L"\s-1CE\s0\*(R".
.IP "* date_formats" 4
.IX Item "date_formats"
Returns a hash reference containing the date formats used for the
locale.  The hash contains the keys \*(L"long\*(R", \*(L"full\*(R", \*(L"medium\*(R", and
\&\*(L"short\*(R".
.IP "* time_formats" 4
.IX Item "time_formats"
Returns a hash reference containing the time formats used for the
locale.  The hash contains the keys \*(L"long\*(R", \*(L"full\*(R", \*(L"medium\*(R", and
\&\*(L"short\*(R".
.IP "* date_before_time" 4
.IX Item "date_before_time"
This returns a boolean value indicating whether or not the date comes
before the time when formatting a complete date and time for
presentation.
.IP "* date_parts_order" 4
.IX Item "date_parts_order"
This returns a string indicating the order of the parts of a date that
is in the form \s-1XX/YY/ZZ\s0.  The possible values are \*(L"dmy\*(R", \*(L"mdy\*(R", \*(L"ydm\*(R"
and \*(L"ymd\*(R".
.SH "SUPPORT"
.IX Header "SUPPORT"
Please be aware that all locale data has been generated from the \s-1CLDR\s0
(Common Locale Data Repository) project locales data).  The data \fBis\fR
currently incomplete, and \fBwill\fR contain errors in some locales.
.PP
When reporting errors in data, please check the primary data sources
first, then where necessary report errors directly to the primary
source via the \s-1CLDR\s0 bug report system. See
http://unicode.org/cldr/filing_bug_reports.html for details.
.PP
Once these errors have been confirmed, please forward the error report
and corrections to the DateTime mailing list, datetime@perl.org.
.PP
Support for this module is provided via the datetime@perl.org email
list. See http://lists.perl.org/ for more details.
.SH "AUTHORS"
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
Richard Evans <rich@ridas.com>
.PP
Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>
.PP
These modules are loosely based on the DateTime::Language modules,
which were in turn based on the Date::Language modules from Graham
Barr's TimeDate distribution.
.PP
Thanks to Rick Measham for providing the Java to strftime pattern
conversion routines used during locale generation.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2003 Richard Evans. Copyright (c) 2004\-2006 David
Rolsky. All rights reserved.
.PP
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.
.PP
The full text of the license can be found in the \fI\s-1LICENSE\s0\fR file included
with this module.
.PP
The locale modules in directory \f(CW\*(C`DateTime/Locale/\*(C'\fR have been
generated from data provided by the \s-1CLDR\s0 project, see
\&\f(CW\*(C`DateTime/Locale/LICENSE.cldr\*(C'\fR for details on the \s-1CLDR\s0 data's
license.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
DateTime::Locale::Base
.PP
datetime@perl.org mailing list
.PP
http://datetime.perl.org/