package DBIx::Class::Schema; use strict; use warnings; use DBIx::Class::Exception; use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/; use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/; use File::Spec; require Module::Find; use base qw/DBIx::Class/; __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('class_mappings' => {}); __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('source_registrations' => {}); __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage_type' => '::DBI'); __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('storage'); __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('exception_action'); __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('stacktrace' => $ENV{DBIC_TRACE} || 0); __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('default_resultset_attributes' => {}); =head1 NAME DBIx::Class::Schema - composable schemas =head1 SYNOPSIS package Library::Schema; use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/; # load Library::Schema::CD, Library::Schema::Book, Library::Schema::DVD __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/CD Book DVD/); package Library::Schema::CD; use base qw/DBIx::Class/; __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); # for example __PACKAGE__->table('cd'); # Elsewhere in your code: my $schema1 = Library::Schema->connect( $dsn, $user, $password, { AutoCommit => 0 }, ); my $schema2 = Library::Schema->connect($coderef_returning_dbh); # fetch objects using Library::Schema::DVD my $resultset = $schema1->resultset('DVD')->search( ... ); my @dvd_objects = $schema2->resultset('DVD')->search( ... ); =head1 DESCRIPTION Creates database classes based on a schema. This is the recommended way to use L and allows you to use more than one concurrent connection with your classes. NB: If you're used to L it's worth reading the L carefully, as DBIx::Class does things a little differently. Note in particular which module inherits off which. =head1 METHODS =head2 register_class =over 4 =item Arguments: $moniker, $component_class =back Registers a class which isa DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy. Equivalent to calling: $schema->register_source($moniker, $component_class->result_source_instance); =cut sub register_class { my ($self, $moniker, $to_register) = @_; $self->register_source($moniker => $to_register->result_source_instance); } =head2 register_source =over 4 =item Arguments: $moniker, $result_source =back Registers the L in the schema with the given moniker. =cut sub register_source { my ($self, $moniker, $source) = @_; %$source = %{ $source->new( { %$source, source_name => $moniker }) }; my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations}; $reg{$moniker} = $source; $self->source_registrations(\%reg); $source->schema($self); weaken($source->{schema}) if ref($self); if ($source->result_class) { my %map = %{$self->class_mappings}; $map{$source->result_class} = $moniker; $self->class_mappings(\%map); } } sub _unregister_source { my ($self, $moniker) = @_; my %reg = %{$self->source_registrations}; my $source = delete $reg{$moniker}; $self->source_registrations(\%reg); if ($source->result_class) { my %map = %{$self->class_mappings}; delete $map{$source->result_class}; $self->class_mappings(\%map); } } =head2 class =over 4 =item Arguments: $moniker =item Return Value: $classname =back Retrieves the result class name for the given moniker. For example: my $class = $schema->class('CD'); =cut sub class { my ($self, $moniker) = @_; return $self->source($moniker)->result_class; } =head2 source =over 4 =item Arguments: $moniker =item Return Value: $result_source =back my $source = $schema->source('Book'); Returns the L object for the registered moniker. =cut sub source { my ($self, $moniker) = @_; my $sreg = $self->source_registrations; return $sreg->{$moniker} if exists $sreg->{$moniker}; # if we got here, they probably passed a full class name my $mapped = $self->class_mappings->{$moniker}; $self->throw_exception("Can't find source for ${moniker}") unless $mapped && exists $sreg->{$mapped}; return $sreg->{$mapped}; } =head2 sources =over 4 =item Return Value: @source_monikers =back Returns the source monikers of all source registrations on this schema. For example: my @source_monikers = $schema->sources; =cut sub sources { return keys %{shift->source_registrations}; } =head2 storage my $storage = $schema->storage; Returns the L object for this Schema. =head2 resultset =over 4 =item Arguments: $moniker =item Return Value: $result_set =back my $rs = $schema->resultset('DVD'); Returns the L object for the registered moniker. =cut sub resultset { my ($self, $moniker) = @_; return $self->source($moniker)->resultset; } =head2 load_classes =over 4 =item Arguments: @classes?, { $namespace => [ @classes ] }+ =back With no arguments, this method uses L to find all classes under the schema's namespace. Otherwise, this method loads the classes you specify (using L), and registers them (using L). It is possible to comment out classes with a leading C<#>, but note that perl will think it's a mistake (trying to use a comment in a qw list), so you'll need to add C before your load_classes call. Example: My::Schema->load_classes(); # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, # etc. (anything under the My::Schema namespace) # loads My::Schema::CD, My::Schema::Artist, Other::Namespace::Producer but # not Other::Namespace::LinerNotes nor My::Schema::Track My::Schema->load_classes(qw/ CD Artist #Track /, { Other::Namespace => [qw/ Producer #LinerNotes /], }); =cut sub load_classes { my ($class, @params) = @_; my %comps_for; if (@params) { foreach my $param (@params) { if (ref $param eq 'ARRAY') { # filter out commented entries my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @$param; push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, @modules); } elsif (ref $param eq 'HASH') { # more than one namespace possible for my $comp ( keys %$param ) { # filter out commented entries my @modules = grep { $_ !~ /^#/ } @{$param->{$comp}}; push (@{$comps_for{$comp}}, @modules); } } else { # filter out commented entries push (@{$comps_for{$class}}, $param) if $param !~ /^#/; } } } else { my @comp = map { substr $_, length "${class}::" } Module::Find::findallmod($class); $comps_for{$class} = \@comp; } my @to_register; { no warnings qw/redefine/; local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { }; foreach my $prefix (keys %comps_for) { foreach my $comp (@{$comps_for{$prefix}||[]}) { my $comp_class = "${prefix}::${comp}"; { # try to untaint module name. mods where this fails # are left alone so we don't have to change the old behavior no locale; # localized \w doesn't untaint expression if ( $comp_class =~ m/^( (?:\w+::)* \w+ )$/x ) { $comp_class = $1; } } $class->ensure_class_loaded($comp_class); $comp = $comp_class->source_name || $comp; # $DB::single = 1; push(@to_register, [ $comp, $comp_class ]); } } } Class::C3->reinitialize; foreach my $to (@to_register) { $class->register_class(@$to); # if $class->can('result_source_instance'); } } =head2 load_namespaces =over 4 =item Arguments: %options? =back This is an alternative to L above which assumes an alternative layout for automatic class loading. It assumes that all result classes are underneath a sub-namespace of the schema called C, any corresponding ResultSet classes are underneath a sub-namespace of the schema called C. Both of the sub-namespaces are configurable if you don't like the defaults, via the options C and C. If (and only if) you specify the option C, any found Result classes for which we do not find a corresponding ResultSet class will have their C set to C. C takes care of calling C for you where neccessary if you didn't do it for yourself. All of the namespace and classname options to this method are relative to the schema classname by default. To specify a fully-qualified name, prefix it with a literal C<+>. Examples: # load My::Schema::Result::CD, My::Schema::Result::Artist, # My::Schema::ResultSet::CD, etc... My::Schema->load_namespaces; # Override everything to use ugly names. # In this example, if there is a My::Schema::Res::Foo, but no matching # My::Schema::RSets::Foo, then Foo will have its # resultset_class set to My::Schema::RSetBase My::Schema->load_namespaces( result_namespace => 'Res', resultset_namespace => 'RSets', default_resultset_class => 'RSetBase', ); # Put things in other namespaces My::Schema->load_namespaces( result_namespace => '+Some::Place::Results', resultset_namespace => '+Another::Place::RSets', ); If you'd like to use multiple namespaces of each type, simply use an arrayref of namespaces for that option. In the case that the same result (or resultset) class exists in multiple namespaces, the latter entries in your list of namespaces will override earlier ones. My::Schema->load_namespaces( # My::Schema::Results_C::Foo takes precedence over My::Schema::Results_B::Foo : result_namespace => [ 'Results_A', 'Results_B', 'Results_C' ], resultset_namespace => [ '+Some::Place::RSets', 'RSets' ], ); =cut # Pre-pends our classname to the given relative classname or # class namespace, unless there is a '+' prefix, which will # be stripped. sub _expand_relative_name { my ($class, $name) = @_; return if !$name; $name = $class . '::' . $name if ! ($name =~ s/^\+//); return $name; } # returns a hash of $shortname => $fullname for every package # found in the given namespaces ($shortname is with the $fullname's # namespace stripped off) sub _map_namespaces { my ($class, @namespaces) = @_; my @results_hash; foreach my $namespace (@namespaces) { push( @results_hash, map { (substr($_, length "${namespace}::"), $_) } Module::Find::findallmod($namespace) ); } @results_hash; } sub load_namespaces { my ($class, %args) = @_; my $result_namespace = delete $args{result_namespace} || 'Result'; my $resultset_namespace = delete $args{resultset_namespace} || 'ResultSet'; my $default_resultset_class = delete $args{default_resultset_class}; $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: unknown option(s): ' . join(q{,}, map { qq{'$_'} } keys %args)) if scalar keys %args; $default_resultset_class = $class->_expand_relative_name($default_resultset_class); for my $arg ($result_namespace, $resultset_namespace) { $arg = [ $arg ] if !ref($arg) && $arg; $class->throw_exception('load_namespaces: namespace arguments must be ' . 'a simple string or an arrayref') if ref($arg) ne 'ARRAY'; $_ = $class->_expand_relative_name($_) for (@$arg); } my %results = $class->_map_namespaces(@$result_namespace); my %resultsets = $class->_map_namespaces(@$resultset_namespace); my @to_register; { no warnings 'redefine'; local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { }; use warnings 'redefine'; foreach my $result (keys %results) { my $result_class = $results{$result}; $class->ensure_class_loaded($result_class); $result_class->source_name($result) unless $result_class->source_name; my $rs_class = delete $resultsets{$result}; my $rs_set = $result_class->resultset_class; if($rs_set && $rs_set ne 'DBIx::Class::ResultSet') { if($rs_class && $rs_class ne $rs_set) { warn "We found ResultSet class '$rs_class' for '$result', but it seems " . "that you had already set '$result' to use '$rs_set' instead"; } } elsif($rs_class ||= $default_resultset_class) { $class->ensure_class_loaded($rs_class); $result_class->resultset_class($rs_class); } push(@to_register, [ $result_class->source_name, $result_class ]); } } foreach (sort keys %resultsets) { warn "load_namespaces found ResultSet class $_ with no " . 'corresponding Result class'; } Class::C3->reinitialize; $class->register_class(@$_) for (@to_register); return; } =head2 compose_connection (DEPRECATED) =over 4 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, @db_info =item Return Value: $new_schema =back DEPRECATED. You probably wanted compose_namespace. Actually, you probably just wanted to call connect. =begin hidden (hidden due to deprecation) Calls L to the target namespace, calls L with @db_info on the new schema, then injects the L component and a resultset_instance classdata entry on all the new classes, in order to support $target_namespaces::$class->search(...) method calls. This is primarily useful when you have a specific need for class method access to a connection. In normal usage it is preferred to call L and use the resulting schema object to operate on L objects with L for more information. =end hidden =cut { my $warn; sub compose_connection { my ($self, $target, @info) = @_; warn "compose_connection deprecated as of 0.08000" unless ($INC{"DBIx/Class/CDBICompat.pm"} || $warn++); my $base = 'DBIx::Class::ResultSetProxy'; eval "require ${base};"; $self->throw_exception ("No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${base} ($@)") if $@; if ($self eq $target) { # Pathological case, largely caused by the docs on early C::M::DBIC::Plain foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) { my $source = $self->source($moniker); my $class = $source->result_class; $self->inject_base($class, $base); $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset); $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $self); } $self->connection(@info); return $self; } my $schema = $self->compose_namespace($target, $base); { no strict 'refs'; *{"${target}::schema"} = sub { $schema }; } $schema->connection(@info); foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) { my $source = $schema->source($moniker); my $class = $source->result_class; #warn "$moniker $class $source ".$source->storage; $class->mk_classdata(result_source_instance => $source); $class->mk_classdata(resultset_instance => $source->resultset); $class->mk_classdata(class_resolver => $schema); } return $schema; } } =head2 compose_namespace =over 4 =item Arguments: $target_namespace, $additional_base_class? =item Return Value: $new_schema =back For each L in the schema, this method creates a class in the target namespace (e.g. $target_namespace::CD, $target_namespace::Artist) that inherits from the corresponding classes attached to the current schema. It also attaches a corresponding L object to the new $schema object. If C<$additional_base_class> is given, the new composed classes will inherit from first the corresponding classe from the current schema then the base class. For example, for a schema with My::Schema::CD and My::Schema::Artist classes, $schema->compose_namespace('My::DB', 'Base::Class'); print join (', ', @My::DB::CD::ISA) . "\n"; print join (', ', @My::DB::Artist::ISA) ."\n"; will produce the output My::Schema::CD, Base::Class My::Schema::Artist, Base::Class =cut sub compose_namespace { my ($self, $target, $base) = @_; my $schema = $self->clone; { no warnings qw/redefine/; local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { }; foreach my $moniker ($schema->sources) { my $source = $schema->source($moniker); my $target_class = "${target}::${moniker}"; $self->inject_base( $target_class => $source->result_class, ($base ? $base : ()) ); $source->result_class($target_class); $target_class->result_source_instance($source) if $target_class->can('result_source_instance'); } } Class::C3->reinitialize(); { no strict 'refs'; no warnings 'redefine'; foreach my $meth (qw/class source resultset/) { *{"${target}::${meth}"} = sub { shift->schema->$meth(@_) }; } } return $schema; } =head2 setup_connection_class =over 4 =item Arguments: $target, @info =back Sets up a database connection class to inject between the schema and the subclasses that the schema creates. =cut sub setup_connection_class { my ($class, $target, @info) = @_; $class->inject_base($target => 'DBIx::Class::DB'); #$target->load_components('DB'); $target->connection(@info); } =head2 storage_type =over 4 =item Arguments: $storage_type =item Return Value: $storage_type =back Set the storage class that will be instantiated when L is called. If the classname starts with C<::>, the prefix C is assumed by L. Defaults to C<::DBI>, which is L. You want to use this to hardcoded subclasses of L in cases where the appropriate subclass is not autodetected, such as when dealing with MSSQL via L, in which case you'd set it to C<::DBI::Sybase::MSSQL>. =head2 connection =over 4 =item Arguments: @args =item Return Value: $new_schema =back Instantiates a new Storage object of type L and passes the arguments to $storage->connect_info. Sets the connection in-place on the schema. See L for DBI-specific syntax, or L in general. =cut sub connection { my ($self, @info) = @_; return $self if !@info && $self->storage; my $storage_class = $self->storage_type; $storage_class = 'DBIx::Class::Storage'.$storage_class if $storage_class =~ m/^::/; eval "require ${storage_class};"; $self->throw_exception( "No arguments to load_classes and couldn't load ${storage_class} ($@)" ) if $@; my $storage = $storage_class->new($self); $storage->connect_info(\@info); $self->storage($storage); return $self; } =head2 connect =over 4 =item Arguments: @info =item Return Value: $new_schema =back This is a convenience method. It is equivalent to calling $schema->clone->connection(@info). See L and L for more information. =cut sub connect { shift->clone->connection(@_) } =head2 txn_do =over 4 =item Arguments: C<$coderef>, @coderef_args? =item Return Value: The return value of $coderef =back Executes C<$coderef> with (optional) arguments C<@coderef_args> atomically, returning its result (if any). Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_do. See L for more information. This interface is preferred over using the individual methods L, L, and L below. =cut sub txn_do { my $self = shift; $self->storage or $self->throw_exception ('txn_do called on $schema without storage'); $self->storage->txn_do(@_); } =head2 txn_begin Begins a transaction (does nothing if AutoCommit is off). Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_begin. See L for more information. =cut sub txn_begin { my $self = shift; $self->storage or $self->throw_exception ('txn_begin called on $schema without storage'); $self->storage->txn_begin; } =head2 txn_commit Commits the current transaction. Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_commit. See L for more information. =cut sub txn_commit { my $self = shift; $self->storage or $self->throw_exception ('txn_commit called on $schema without storage'); $self->storage->txn_commit; } =head2 txn_rollback Rolls back the current transaction. Equivalent to calling $schema->storage->txn_rollback. See L for more information. =cut sub txn_rollback { my $self = shift; $self->storage or $self->throw_exception ('txn_rollback called on $schema without storage'); $self->storage->txn_rollback; } =head2 clone =over 4 =item Return Value: $new_schema =back Clones the schema and its associated result_source objects and returns the copy. =cut sub clone { my ($self) = @_; my $clone = { (ref $self ? %$self : ()) }; bless $clone, (ref $self || $self); foreach my $moniker ($self->sources) { my $source = $self->source($moniker); my $new = $source->new($source); $clone->register_source($moniker => $new); } $clone->storage->set_schema($clone) if $clone->storage; return $clone; } =head2 populate =over 4 =item Arguments: $source_name, \@data; =back Pass this method a resultsource name, and an arrayref of arrayrefs. The arrayrefs should contain a list of column names, followed by one or many sets of matching data for the given columns. In void context, C in L is used to insert the data, as this is a fast method. However, insert_bulk currently assumes that your datasets all contain the same type of values, using scalar references in a column in one row, and not in another will probably not work. Otherwise, each set of data is inserted into the database using L, and a arrayref of the resulting row objects is returned. i.e., $schema->populate('Artist', [ [ qw/artistid name/ ], [ 1, 'Popular Band' ], [ 2, 'Indie Band' ], ... ]); Since wantarray context is basically the same as looping over $rs->create(...) you won't see any performance benefits and in this case the method is more for convenience. Void context sends the column information directly to storage using s bulk insert method. So the performance will be much better for storages that support this method. Because of this difference in the way void context inserts rows into your database you need to note how this will effect any loaded components that override or augment insert. For example if you are using a component such as L to populate your primary keys you MUST use wantarray context if you want the PKs automatically created. =cut sub populate { my ($self, $name, $data) = @_; my $rs = $self->resultset($name); my @names = @{shift(@$data)}; if(defined wantarray) { my @created; foreach my $item (@$data) { my %create; @create{@names} = @$item; push(@created, $rs->create(\%create)); } return @created; } my @results_to_create; foreach my $datum (@$data) { my %result_to_create; foreach my $index (0..$#names) { $result_to_create{$names[$index]} = $$datum[$index]; } push @results_to_create, \%result_to_create; } $rs->populate(\@results_to_create); } =head2 exception_action =over 4 =item Arguments: $code_reference =back If C is set for this class/object, L will prefer to call this code reference with the exception as an argument, rather than its normal C or C action. Your subroutine should probably just wrap the error in the exception object/class of your choosing and rethrow. If, against all sage advice, you'd like your C to suppress a particular exception completely, simply have it return true. Example: package My::Schema; use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/; use My::ExceptionClass; __PACKAGE__->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) }); __PACKAGE__->load_classes; # or: my $schema_obj = My::Schema->connect( .... ); $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { My::ExceptionClass->throw(@_) }); # suppress all exceptions, like a moron: $schema_obj->exception_action(sub { 1 }); =head2 stacktrace =over 4 =item Arguments: boolean =back Whether L should include stack trace information. Defaults to false normally, but defaults to true if C<$ENV{DBIC_TRACE}> is true. =head2 throw_exception =over 4 =item Arguments: $message =back Throws an exception. Defaults to using L to report errors from user's perspective. See L for details on overriding this method's behavior. If L is turned on, C's default behavior will provide a detailed stack trace. =cut sub throw_exception { my $self = shift; DBIx::Class::Exception->throw($_[0], $self->stacktrace) if !$self->exception_action || !$self->exception_action->(@_); } =head2 deploy =over 4 =item Arguments: $sqlt_args, $dir =back Attempts to deploy the schema to the current storage using L. See L for a list of values for C<$sqlt_args>. The most common value for this would be C<< { add_drop_table => 1, } >> to have the SQL produced include a DROP TABLE statement for each table created. Additionally, the DBIx::Class parser accepts a C parameter as a hash ref or an array ref, containing a list of source to deploy. If present, then only the sources listed will get deployed. =cut sub deploy { my ($self, $sqltargs, $dir) = @_; $self->throw_exception("Can't deploy without storage") unless $self->storage; $self->storage->deploy($self, undef, $sqltargs, $dir); } =head2 create_ddl_dir (EXPERIMENTAL) =over 4 =item Arguments: \@databases, $version, $directory, $preversion, $sqlt_args =back Creates an SQL file based on the Schema, for each of the specified database types, in the given directory. Given a previous version number, this will also create a file containing the ALTER TABLE statements to transform the previous schema into the current one. Note that these statements may contain DROP TABLE or DROP COLUMN statements that can potentially destroy data. The file names are created using the C method below, please override this method in your schema if you would like a different file name format. For the ALTER file, the same format is used, replacing $version in the name with "$preversion-$version". If no arguments are passed, then the following default values are used: =over 4 =item databases - ['MySQL', 'SQLite', 'PostgreSQL'] =item version - $schema->VERSION =item directory - './' =item preversion - =back Note that this feature is currently EXPERIMENTAL and may not work correctly across all databases, or fully handle complex relationships. WARNING: Please check all SQL files created, before applying them. =cut sub create_ddl_dir { my $self = shift; $self->throw_exception("Can't create_ddl_dir without storage") unless $self->storage; $self->storage->create_ddl_dir($self, @_); } =head2 ddl_filename (EXPERIMENTAL) =over 4 =item Arguments: $directory, $database-type, $version, $preversion =back my $filename = $table->ddl_filename($type, $dir, $version, $preversion) This method is called by C to compose a file name out of the supplied directory, database type and version number. The default file name format is: C<$dir$schema-$version-$type.sql>. You may override this method in your schema if you wish to use a different format. =cut sub ddl_filename { my ($self, $type, $dir, $version, $pversion) = @_; my $filename = ref($self); $filename =~ s/::/-/g; $filename = File::Spec->catfile($dir, "$filename-$version-$type.sql"); $filename =~ s/$version/$pversion-$version/ if($pversion); return $filename; } =head2 sqlt_deploy_hook($sqlt_schema) An optional sub which you can declare in your own Schema class that will get passed the L object when you deploy the schema via L or L. For an example of what you can do with this, see L. =cut 1; =head1 AUTHORS Matt S. Trout =head1 LICENSE You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut