/*
 * $Id: pa_front.c,v 1.2 2004/04/22 04:19:50 mbrubeck Exp $
 * Portable Audio I/O Library Multi-Host API front end
 * Validate function parameters and manage multiple host APIs.
 *
 * Based on the Open Source API proposed by Ross Bencina
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Ross Bencina, Phil Burk
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
 * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
 * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
 * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
 * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
 * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
 * they can be incorporated into the canonical version.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/* doxygen index page */
/** @mainpage

PortAudio is an open-source cross-platform ‘C’ library for audio input
and output. It is designed to simplify the porting of audio applications
between various platforms, and also to simplify the development of audio
software in general by hiding the complexities of device interfacing.

See the PortAudio website for further information http://www.portaudio.com/

This documentation pertains to PortAudio V19, API version 2.0 which is
currently under development. API version 2.0 differs in a number of ways from
previous versions, please consult the enhancement proposals for further details:
http://www.portaudio.com/docs/proposals/index.html

This documentation is under construction. Things you might be interested in
include:

- The PortAudio API 2.0, as documented in portaudio.h

- The <a href="todo.html">TODO List</a>

Feel free to pick an item off TODO list and fix/implement it. You may want to
enquire about status on the PortAudio mailing list first.
*/


/** @file
 @brief Implements public PortAudio API, checks some errors, forwards to
 host API implementations.
 
 Implements the functions defined in the PortAudio API, checks for
 some parameter and state inconsistencies and forwards API requests to
 specific Host API implementations (via the interface declared in
 pa_hostapi.h), and Streams (via the interface declared in pa_stream.h).

 This file handles initialization and termination of Host API
 implementations via initializers stored in the paHostApiInitializers
 global variable.

 Some utility functions declared in pa_util.h are implemented in this file.

 All PortAudio API functions can be conditionally compiled with logging code.
 To compile with logging, define the PA_LOG_API_CALLS precompiler symbol.

    @todo Consider adding host API specific error text in Pa_GetErrorText() for
    paUnanticipatedHostError

    @todo Consider adding a new error code for when (inputParameters == NULL)
    && (outputParameters == NULL)

    @todo review whether Pa_CloseStream() should call the interface's
    CloseStream function if aborting the stream returns an error code.

    @todo Create new error codes if a NULL buffer pointer, or a
    zero frame count is passed to Pa_ReadStream or Pa_WriteStream.
*/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h> /* needed by PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS */

#include "portaudio.h"
#include "pa_util.h"
#include "pa_endianness.h"
#include "pa_hostapi.h"
#include "pa_stream.h"

#include "pa_trace.h"


#define PA_VERSION_  1899
#define PA_VERSION_TEXT_ "PortAudio V19-devel"



/* #define PA_LOG_API_CALLS */

/*
    The basic format for log messages is described below. If you need to
    add any log messages, please follow this format.
 
    Function entry (void function):
 
        "FunctionName called.\n"
 
    Function entry (non void function):
 
        "FunctionName called:\n"
        "\tParam1Type param1: param1Value\n"
        "\tParam2Type param2: param2Value\n"      (etc...)
 
 
    Function exit (no return value):
 
        "FunctionName returned.\n"
 
    Function exit (simple return value):
 
        "FunctionName returned:\n"
        "\tReturnType: returnValue\n\n"
 
    If the return type is an error code, the error text is displayed in ()
 
    If the return type is not an error code, but has taken a special value
    because an error occurred, then the reason for the error is shown in []
 
    If the return type is a struct ptr, the struct is dumped.
 
    See the code below for examples
*/


int Pa_GetVersion( void )
{
    return PA_VERSION_;
}


const char* Pa_GetVersionText( void )
{
    return PA_VERSION_TEXT_;
}



#define PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_  1024

static char lastHostErrorText_[ PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_ + 1 ] = {0};

static PaHostErrorInfo lastHostErrorInfo_ = { (PaHostApiTypeId)-1, 0, lastHostErrorText_ };


void PaUtil_SetLastHostErrorInfo( PaHostApiTypeId hostApiType, long errorCode,
        const char *errorText )
{
    lastHostErrorInfo_.hostApiType = hostApiType;
    lastHostErrorInfo_.errorCode = errorCode;

    strncpy( lastHostErrorText_, errorText, PA_LAST_HOST_ERROR_TEXT_LENGTH_ );
}


void PaUtil_DebugPrint( const char *format, ... )
{
    va_list ap;

    va_start( ap, format );
    vfprintf( stderr, format, ap );
    va_end( ap );

    fflush( stderr );
}


static PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApis_ = 0;
static int hostApisCount_ = 0;
static int initializationCount_ = 0;
static int deviceCount_ = 0;

PaUtilStreamRepresentation *firstOpenStream_ = NULL;


#define PA_IS_INITIALISED_ (initializationCount_ != 0)


static int CountHostApiInitializers( void )
{
    int result = 0;

    while( paHostApiInitializers[ result ] != 0 )
        ++result;
    return result;
}


static void TerminateHostApis( void )
{
    /* terminate in reverse order from initialization */

    while( hostApisCount_ > 0 )
    {
        --hostApisCount_;
        hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->Terminate( hostApis_[hostApisCount_] );
    }
    hostApisCount_ = 0;
    deviceCount_ = 0;

    if( hostApis_ != 0 )
        PaUtil_FreeMemory( hostApis_ );
    hostApis_ = 0;
}


static PaError InitializeHostApis( void )
{
    PaError result = paNoError;
    int i, initializerCount, baseDeviceIndex;

    initializerCount = CountHostApiInitializers();

    hostApis_ = (PaUtilHostApiRepresentation**)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(
            sizeof(PaUtilHostApiRepresentation*) * initializerCount );
    if( !hostApis_ )
    {
        result = paInsufficientMemory;
        goto error; 
    }

    hostApisCount_ = 0;
    deviceCount_ = 0;
    baseDeviceIndex = 0;

    for( i=0; i< initializerCount; ++i )
    {
        hostApis_[hostApisCount_] = NULL;
        result = paHostApiInitializers[i]( &hostApis_[hostApisCount_], hostApisCount_ );
        if( result != paNoError )
            goto error;

        if( hostApis_[hostApisCount_] )
        {

            hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex = baseDeviceIndex;

            if( hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->info.defaultInputDevice != paNoDevice )
                hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->info.defaultInputDevice += baseDeviceIndex;

            if( hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->info.defaultOutputDevice != paNoDevice )
                hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->info.defaultOutputDevice += baseDeviceIndex;

            baseDeviceIndex += hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->info.deviceCount;
            deviceCount_ += hostApis_[hostApisCount_]->info.deviceCount;

            ++hostApisCount_;
        }
    }

    return result;

error:
    TerminateHostApis();
    return result;
}


/*
    FindHostApi() finds the index of the host api to which
    <device> belongs and returns it. if <hostSpecificDeviceIndex> is
    non-null, the host specific device index is returned in it.
    returns -1 if <device> is out of range.
 
*/
static int FindHostApi( PaDeviceIndex device, int *hostSpecificDeviceIndex )
{
    int i=0;

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
        return -1;

    if( device < 0 )
        return -1;

    while( i < hostApisCount_
            && device >= hostApis_[i]->info.deviceCount )
    {

        device -= hostApis_[i]->info.deviceCount;
        ++i;
    }

    if( i >= hostApisCount_ )
        return -1;

    if( hostSpecificDeviceIndex )
        *hostSpecificDeviceIndex = device;

    return i;
}


static void AddOpenStream( PaStream* stream )
{
    ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream)->nextOpenStream = firstOpenStream_;
    firstOpenStream_ = (PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream;
}


static void RemoveOpenStream( PaStream* stream )
{
    PaUtilStreamRepresentation *previous = NULL;
    PaUtilStreamRepresentation *current = firstOpenStream_;

    while( current != NULL )
    {
        if( ((PaStream*)current) == stream )
        {
            if( previous == NULL )
            {
                firstOpenStream_ = current->nextOpenStream;
            }
            else
            {
                previous->nextOpenStream = current->nextOpenStream;
            }
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            previous = current;
            current = current->nextOpenStream;
        }
    }
}


static void CloseOpenStreams( void )
{
    /* we call Pa_CloseStream() here to ensure that the same destruction
        logic is used for automatically closed streams */

    while( firstOpenStream_ != NULL )
        Pa_CloseStream( firstOpenStream_ );
}


PaError Pa_Initialize( void )
{
    PaError result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint( "Pa_Initialize called.\n" );
#endif

    if( PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        ++initializationCount_;
        result = paNoError;
    }
    else
    {
        PA_VALIDATE_ENDIANNESS;
        
        PaUtil_InitializeClock();
        PaUtil_ResetTraceMessages();

        result = InitializeHostApis();
        if( result == paNoError )
            ++initializationCount_;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint( "Pa_Initialize returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint( "\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_Terminate( void )
{
    PaError result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_Terminate called.\n" );
#endif

    if( PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        if( --initializationCount_ == 0 )
        {
            CloseOpenStreams();

            TerminateHostApis();

            PaUtil_DumpTraceMessages();
        }
        result = paNoError;
    }
    else
    {
        result=  paNotInitialized;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_Terminate returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


const PaHostErrorInfo* Pa_GetLastHostErrorInfo( void )
{
    return &lastHostErrorInfo_;
}


const char *Pa_GetErrorText( PaError errorCode )
{
    const char *result;

    switch( errorCode )
    {
    case paNoError:                  result = "Success"; break;
    case paNotInitialized:           result = "PortAudio not initialized"; break;
    /** @todo could catenate the last host error text to result in the case of paUnanticipatedHostError */
    case paUnanticipatedHostError:   result = "Unanticipated host error"; break;
    case paInvalidChannelCount:      result = "Invalid number of channels"; break;
    case paInvalidSampleRate:        result = "Invalid sample rate"; break;
    case paInvalidDevice:            result = "Invalid device"; break;
    case paInvalidFlag:              result = "Invalid flag"; break;
    case paSampleFormatNotSupported: result = "Sample format not supported"; break;
    case paBadIODeviceCombination:   result = "Illegal combination of I/O devices"; break;
    case paInsufficientMemory:       result = "Insufficient memory"; break;
    case paBufferTooBig:             result = "Buffer too big"; break;
    case paBufferTooSmall:           result = "Buffer too small"; break;
    case paNullCallback:             result = "No callback routine specified"; break;
    case paBadStreamPtr:             result = "Invalid stream pointer"; break;
    case paTimedOut:                 result = "Wait timed out"; break;
    case paInternalError:            result = "Internal PortAudio error"; break;
    case paDeviceUnavailable:        result = "Device unavailable"; break;
    case paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo:   result = "Incompatible host API specific stream info"; break;
    case paStreamIsStopped:          result = "Stream is stopped"; break;
    case paStreamIsNotStopped:       result = "Stream is not stopped"; break;
    case paInputOverflowed:          result = "Input overflowed"; break;
    case paOutputUnderflowed:        result = "Output underflowed"; break;
    case paHostApiNotFound:          result = "Host API not found"; break;
    case paInvalidHostApi:           result = "Invalid host API"; break;
    case paCanNotReadFromACallbackStream:       result = "Can't read from a callback stream"; break;
    case paCanNotWriteToACallbackStream:        result = "Can't write to a callback stream"; break;
    case paCanNotReadFromAnOutputOnlyStream:    result = "Can't read from an output only stream"; break;
    case paCanNotWriteToAnInputOnlyStream:      result = "Can't write to an input only stream"; break;
    default:                         result = "Illegal error number"; break;
    }
    return result;
}


PaHostApiIndex Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex( PaHostApiTypeId type )
{
    PaHostApiIndex result;
    int i;
    
#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiTypeId type: %d\n", type );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;
    }
    else
    {
        result = paHostApiNotFound;
        
        for( i=0; i < hostApisCount_; ++i )
        {
            if( hostApis_[i]->info.type == type )
            {
                result = i;
                break;
            }         
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex returned:\n" );
    if( result < 0 )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiIndex: %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError PaUtil_GetHostApiRepresentation( struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
        PaHostApiTypeId type )
{
    PaError result;
    int i;
    
    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;
    }
    else
    {
        result = paHostApiNotFound;
                
        for( i=0; i < hostApisCount_; ++i )
        {
            if( hostApis_[i]->info.type == type )
            {
                *hostApi = hostApis_[i];
                result = paNoError;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}


PaError PaUtil_DeviceIndexToHostApiDeviceIndex(
        PaDeviceIndex *hostApiDevice, PaDeviceIndex device, struct PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi )
{
    PaError result;
    PaDeviceIndex x;
    
    x = device - hostApi->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex;

    if( x < 0 || x >= hostApi->info.deviceCount )
    {
        result = paInvalidDevice;
    }
    else
    {
        *hostApiDevice = x;
        result = paNoError;
    }

    return result;
}


PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetHostApiCount( void )
{
    int result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetHostApiCount called.\n" );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;
    }
    else
    {
        result = hostApisCount_;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetHostApiCount returned:\n" );
    if( result < 0 )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiIndex %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaHostApiIndex Pa_GetDefaultHostApi( void )
{
    int result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDefaultHostApi called.\n" );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;
    }
    else
    {
        result = paDefaultHostApiIndex;

        /* internal consistency check: make sure that the default host api
         index is within range */

        if( result < 0 || result >= hostApisCount_ )
        {
            result = paInternalError;
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDefaultHostApi returned:\n" );
    if( result < 0 )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiIndex %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


const PaHostApiInfo* Pa_GetHostApiInfo( PaHostApiIndex hostApi )
{
    PaHostApiInfo *info;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetHostApiInfo called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", hostApi );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        info = NULL;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiInfo*: NULL [ PortAudio not initialized ]\n\n" );
#endif

    }
    else if( hostApi < 0 || hostApi >= hostApisCount_ )
    {
        info = NULL;
        
#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiInfo*: NULL [ hostApi out of range ]\n\n" );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        info = &hostApis_[hostApi]->info;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetHostApiInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiInfo*: 0x%p\n", info );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t{" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", info->structVersion );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tPaHostApiTypeId type: %d\n", info->type );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tconst char *name: %s\n\n", info->name );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t}\n\n" );
#endif

    }

     return info;
}


PaDeviceIndex Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToDeviceIndex( PaHostApiIndex hostApi, int hostApiDeviceIndex )
{
    PaDeviceIndex result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToPaDeviceIndex called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", hostApi );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint hostApiDeviceIndex: %d\n", hostApiDeviceIndex );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;
    }
    else
    {
        if( hostApi < 0 || hostApi >= hostApisCount_ )
        {
            result = paInvalidHostApi;
        }
        else
        {
            if( hostApiDeviceIndex < 0 ||
                    hostApiDeviceIndex >= hostApis_[hostApi]->info.deviceCount )
            {
                result = paInvalidDevice;
            }
            else
            {
                result = hostApis_[hostApi]->privatePaFrontInfo.baseDeviceIndex + hostApiDeviceIndex;
            }
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_HostApiDeviceIndexToPaDeviceIndex returned:\n" );
    if( result < 0 )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex: %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDeviceCount( void )
{
    PaDeviceIndex result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDeviceCount called.\n" );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;
    }
    else
    {
        result = deviceCount_;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDeviceCount returned:\n" );
    if( result < 0 )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex: %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice( void )
{
    PaHostApiIndex hostApi;
    PaDeviceIndex result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice called.\n" );
#endif

    hostApi = Pa_GetDefaultHostApi();
    if( hostApi < 0 )
    {
        result = paNoDevice;
    }
    else
    {
        result = hostApis_[hostApi]->info.defaultInputDevice;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex: %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaDeviceIndex Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice( void )
{
    PaHostApiIndex hostApi;
    PaDeviceIndex result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice called.\n" );
#endif

    hostApi = Pa_GetDefaultHostApi();
    if( hostApi < 0 )
    {
        result = paNoDevice;
    }
    else
    {
        result = hostApis_[hostApi]->info.defaultOutputDevice;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex: %d\n\n", result );
#endif

    return result;
}


const PaDeviceInfo* Pa_GetDeviceInfo( PaDeviceIndex device )
{
    int hostSpecificDeviceIndex;
    int hostApiIndex = FindHostApi( device, &hostSpecificDeviceIndex );
    PaDeviceInfo *result;


#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDeviceInfo called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex device: %d\n", device );
#endif

    if( hostApiIndex < 0 )
    {
        result = NULL;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDeviceInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceInfo* NULL [ invalid device index ]\n\n" );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        result = hostApis_[hostApiIndex]->deviceInfos[ hostSpecificDeviceIndex ];

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetDeviceInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceInfo*: 0x%p:\n", result );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t{\n" );

        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", result->structVersion );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tconst char *name: %s\n", result->name );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tPaHostApiIndex hostApi: %d\n", result->hostApi );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tint maxInputChannels: %d\n", result->maxInputChannels );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tint maxOutputChannels: %d\n", result->maxOutputChannels );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t}\n\n" );
#endif

    }

    return result;
}


/*
    SampleFormatIsValid() returns 1 if sampleFormat is a sample format
    defined in portaudio.h, or 0 otherwise.
*/
static int SampleFormatIsValid( PaSampleFormat format )
{
    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved )
    {
    case paFloat32: return 1;
    case paInt16: return 1;
    case paInt32: return 1;
    case paInt24: return 1;
    case paInt8: return 1;
    case paUInt8: return 1;
    case paCustomFormat: return 1;
    default: return 0;
    }
}

/*
    NOTE: make sure this validation list is kept syncronised with the one in
            pa_hostapi.h

    ValidateOpenStreamParameters() checks that parameters to Pa_OpenStream()
    conform to the expected values as described below. This function is
    also designed to be used with the proposed Pa_IsFormatSupported() function.
    
    There are basically two types of validation that could be performed:
    Generic conformance validation, and device capability mismatch
    validation. This function performs only generic conformance validation.
    Validation that would require knowledge of device capabilities is
    not performed because of potentially complex relationships between
    combinations of parameters - for example, even if the sampleRate
    seems ok, it might not be for a duplex stream - we have no way of
    checking this in an API-neutral way, so we don't try.
 
    On success the function returns PaNoError and fills in hostApi,
    hostApiInputDeviceID, and hostApiOutputDeviceID fields. On failure
    the function returns an error code indicating the first encountered
    parameter error.
 
 
    If ValidateOpenStreamParameters() returns paNoError, the following
    assertions are guaranteed to be true.
 
    - at least one of inputParameters & outputParmeters is valid (not NULL)

    - if inputParameters & outputParmeters are both valid, that
        inputParameters->device & outputParmeters->device  both use the same host api
 
    PaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device
        - is within range (0 to Pa_GetDeviceCount-1) Or:
        - is paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification and
            inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo is non-NULL and refers
            to a valid host api

    int inputParameters->channelCount
        - if inputParameters->device is not paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification, channelCount is > 0
        - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
 
    PaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat
        - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h

    void *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
        - if supplied its hostApi field matches the input device's host Api
 
    PaDeviceIndex outputParmeters->device
        - is within range (0 to Pa_GetDeviceCount-1)
 
    int outputParmeters->channelCount
        - if inputDevice is valid, channelCount is > 0
        - upper bound is NOT validated against device capabilities
 
    PaSampleFormat outputParmeters->sampleFormat
        - is one of the sample formats defined in portaudio.h
        
    void *outputParmeters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo
        - if supplied its hostApi field matches the output device's host Api
 
    double sampleRate
        - is not an 'absurd' rate (less than 1000. or greater than 200000.)
        - sampleRate is NOT validated against device capabilities
 
    PaStreamFlags streamFlags
        - unused platform neutral flags are zero
        - paNeverDropInput is only used for full-duplex callback streams with
            variable buffer size (paFramesPerBufferUnspecified)
*/
static PaError ValidateOpenStreamParameters(
    const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
    const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
    double sampleRate,
    unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
    PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
    PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation **hostApi,
    PaDeviceIndex *hostApiInputDevice,
    PaDeviceIndex *hostApiOutputDevice )
{
    int inputHostApiIndex  = -1, /* Surpress uninitialised var warnings: compiler does */
        outputHostApiIndex = -1; /* not see that if inputParameters and outputParame-  */
                                 /* ters are both nonzero, these indices are set.      */

    if( (inputParameters == NULL) && (outputParameters == NULL) )
    {
        return paInvalidDevice; /** @todo should be a new error code "invalid device parameters" or something */
    }
    else
    {
        if( inputParameters == NULL )
        {
            *hostApiInputDevice = paNoDevice;
        }
        else if( inputParameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification )
        {
            if( inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
            {
                inputHostApiIndex = Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(
                        ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType );

                if( inputHostApiIndex != -1 )
                {
                    *hostApiInputDevice = paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification;
                    *hostApi = hostApis_[inputHostApiIndex];
                }
                else
                {
                    return paInvalidDevice;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return paInvalidDevice;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( inputParameters->device < 0 || inputParameters->device >= deviceCount_ )
                return paInvalidDevice;

            inputHostApiIndex = FindHostApi( inputParameters->device, hostApiInputDevice );
            if( inputHostApiIndex < 0 )
                return paInternalError;

            *hostApi = hostApis_[inputHostApiIndex];

            if( inputParameters->channelCount <= 0 )
                return paInvalidChannelCount;

            if( !SampleFormatIsValid( inputParameters->sampleFormat ) )
                return paSampleFormatNotSupported;

            if( inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo != NULL )
            {
                if( ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType
                        != (*hostApi)->info.type )
                    return paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
            }
        }

        if( outputParameters == NULL )
        {
            *hostApiOutputDevice = paNoDevice;
        }
        else if( outputParameters->device == paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification  )
        {
            if( outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo )
            {
                outputHostApiIndex = Pa_HostApiTypeIdToHostApiIndex(
                        ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType );

                if( outputHostApiIndex != -1 )
                {
                    *hostApiOutputDevice = paUseHostApiSpecificDeviceSpecification;
                    *hostApi = hostApis_[outputHostApiIndex];
                }
                else
                {
                    return paInvalidDevice;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return paInvalidDevice;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( outputParameters->device < 0 || outputParameters->device >= deviceCount_ )
                return paInvalidDevice;

            outputHostApiIndex = FindHostApi( outputParameters->device, hostApiOutputDevice );
            if( outputHostApiIndex < 0 )
                return paInternalError;

            *hostApi = hostApis_[outputHostApiIndex];

            if( outputParameters->channelCount <= 0 )
                return paInvalidChannelCount;

            if( !SampleFormatIsValid( outputParameters->sampleFormat ) )
                return paSampleFormatNotSupported;

            if( outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo != NULL )
            {
                if( ((PaUtilHostApiSpecificStreamInfoHeader*)outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo)->hostApiType
                        != (*hostApi)->info.type )
                    return paIncompatibleHostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
            }
        }   

        if( (inputParameters != NULL) && (outputParameters != NULL) )
        {
            /* ensure that both devices use the same API */
            if( inputHostApiIndex != outputHostApiIndex )
                return paBadIODeviceCombination;
        }
    }
    
    
    /* Check for absurd sample rates. */
    if( (sampleRate < 1000.0) || (sampleRate > 200000.0) )
        return paInvalidSampleRate;

    if( ((streamFlags & ~paPlatformSpecificFlags) & ~(paClipOff | paDitherOff | paNeverDropInput | paPrimeOutputBuffersUsingStreamCallback ) ) != 0 )
        return paInvalidFlag;

    if( streamFlags & paNeverDropInput )
    {
        /* must be a callback stream */
        if( !streamCallback )
             return paInvalidFlag;

        /* must be a full duplex stream */
        if( (inputParameters == NULL) || (outputParameters == NULL) )
            return paInvalidFlag;

        /* must use paFramesPerBufferUnspecified */
        if( framesPerBuffer != paFramesPerBufferUnspecified )
            return paInvalidFlag;
    }
    
    return paNoError;
}


PaError Pa_IsFormatSupported( const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
                              const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
                              double sampleRate )
{
    PaError result;
    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi;
    PaDeviceIndex hostApiInputDevice, hostApiOutputDevice;
    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;


#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsFormatSupported called:\n" );

    if( inputParameters == NULL ){
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: NULL\n" );
    }else{
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: 0x%p\n", inputParameters );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device: %d\n", inputParameters->device );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint inputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", inputParameters->channelCount );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", inputParameters->sampleFormat );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaTime inputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", inputParameters->suggestedLatency );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tvoid *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo );
    }

    if( outputParameters == NULL ){
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: NULL\n" );
    }else{
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: 0x%p\n", outputParameters );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex outputParameters->device: %d\n", outputParameters->device );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint outputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", outputParameters->channelCount );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaSampleFormat outputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", outputParameters->sampleFormat );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaTime outputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", outputParameters->suggestedLatency );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tvoid *outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo );
    }
    
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsFormatSupported returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif
        return result;
    }

    result = ValidateOpenStreamParameters( inputParameters,
                                           outputParameters,
                                           sampleRate, 0, paNoFlag, 0,
                                           &hostApi,
                                           &hostApiInputDevice,
                                           &hostApiOutputDevice );
    if( result != paNoError )
    {
#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsFormatSupported returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif
        return result;
    }
    

    if( inputParameters )
    {
        hostApiInputParameters.device = hostApiInputDevice;
        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = inputParameters->suggestedLatency;
        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
    }
    else
    {
        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
    }

    if( outputParameters )
    {
        hostApiOutputParameters.device = hostApiOutputDevice;
        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency = outputParameters->suggestedLatency;
        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
    }
    else
    {
        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
    }

    result = hostApi->IsFormatSupported( hostApi,
                                  hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
                                  sampleRate );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" );
    if( result == paFormatIsSupported )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: 0 [ paFormatIsSupported ]\n\n" );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_OpenStream( PaStream** stream,
                       const PaStreamParameters *inputParameters,
                       const PaStreamParameters *outputParameters,
                       double sampleRate,
                       unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
                       PaStreamFlags streamFlags,
                       PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
                       void *userData )
{
    PaError result;
    PaUtilHostApiRepresentation *hostApi;
    PaDeviceIndex hostApiInputDevice, hostApiOutputDevice;
    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;


#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream** stream: 0x%p\n", stream );

    if( inputParameters == NULL ){
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: NULL\n" );
    }else{
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *inputParameters: 0x%p\n", inputParameters );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex inputParameters->device: %d\n", inputParameters->device );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint inputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", inputParameters->channelCount );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaSampleFormat inputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", inputParameters->sampleFormat );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaTime inputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", inputParameters->suggestedLatency );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tvoid *inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo );
    }

    if( outputParameters == NULL ){
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: NULL\n" );
    }else{
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamParameters *outputParameters: 0x%p\n", outputParameters );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaDeviceIndex outputParameters->device: %d\n", outputParameters->device );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint outputParameters->channelCount: %d\n", outputParameters->channelCount );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaSampleFormat outputParameters->sampleFormat: %d\n", outputParameters->sampleFormat );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaTime outputParameters->suggestedLatency: %f\n", outputParameters->suggestedLatency );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tvoid *outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo: 0x%p\n", outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo );
    }
    
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tunsigned long framesPerBuffer: %d\n", framesPerBuffer );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamFlags streamFlags: 0x%x\n", streamFlags );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamCallback *streamCallback: 0x%p\n", streamCallback );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tvoid *userData: 0x%p\n", userData );
#endif

    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ )
    {
        result = paNotInitialized;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif
        return result;
    }

    /* Check for parameter errors.
        NOTE: make sure this validation list is kept syncronised with the one
        in pa_hostapi.h
    */

    if( stream == NULL )
    {
        result = paBadStreamPtr;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif
        return result;
    }

    result = ValidateOpenStreamParameters( inputParameters,
                                           outputParameters,
                                           sampleRate, framesPerBuffer,
                                           streamFlags, streamCallback,
                                           &hostApi,
                                           &hostApiInputDevice,
                                           &hostApiOutputDevice );
    if( result != paNoError )
    {
#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t*(PaStream** stream): undefined\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif
        return result;
    }
    

    if( inputParameters )
    {
        hostApiInputParameters.device = hostApiInputDevice;
        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputParameters->channelCount;
        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = inputParameters->sampleFormat;
        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = inputParameters->suggestedLatency;
        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = inputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
    }
    else
    {
        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
    }

    if( outputParameters )
    {
        hostApiOutputParameters.device = hostApiOutputDevice;
        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputParameters->channelCount;
        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = outputParameters->sampleFormat;
        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency = outputParameters->suggestedLatency;
        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = outputParameters->hostApiSpecificStreamInfo;
        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
    }
    else
    {
        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
    }

    result = hostApi->OpenStream( hostApi, stream,
                                  hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
                                  sampleRate, framesPerBuffer, streamFlags, streamCallback, userData );

    if( result == paNoError )
        AddOpenStream( *stream );


#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t*(PaStream** stream): 0x%p\n", *stream );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_OpenDefaultStream( PaStream** stream,
                              int inputChannelCount,
                              int outputChannelCount,
                              PaSampleFormat sampleFormat,
                              double sampleRate,
                              unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
                              PaStreamCallback *streamCallback,
                              void *userData )
{
    PaError result;
    PaStreamParameters hostApiInputParameters, hostApiOutputParameters;
    PaStreamParameters *hostApiInputParametersPtr, *hostApiOutputParametersPtr;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenDefaultStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream** stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint inputChannelCount: %d\n", inputChannelCount );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint outputChannelCount: %d\n", outputChannelCount );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaSampleFormat sampleFormat: %d\n", sampleFormat );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tdouble sampleRate: %g\n", sampleRate );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tunsigned long framesPerBuffer: %d\n", framesPerBuffer );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamCallback *streamCallback: 0x%p\n", streamCallback );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tvoid *userData: 0x%p\n", userData );
#endif


    if( inputChannelCount > 0 )
    {
        hostApiInputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice();
        hostApiInputParameters.channelCount = inputChannelCount;
        hostApiInputParameters.sampleFormat = sampleFormat;
        /* defaultHighInputLatency is used below instead of
           defaultLowInputLatency because it is more important for the default
           stream to work reliably than it is for it to work with the lowest
           latency.
         */
        hostApiInputParameters.suggestedLatency = 
             Pa_GetDeviceInfo( hostApiInputParameters.device )->defaultHighInputLatency;
        hostApiInputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
        hostApiInputParametersPtr = &hostApiInputParameters;
    }
    else
    {
        hostApiInputParametersPtr = NULL;
    }

    if( outputChannelCount > 0 )
    {
        hostApiOutputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice();
        hostApiOutputParameters.channelCount = outputChannelCount;
        hostApiOutputParameters.sampleFormat = sampleFormat;
        /* defaultHighOutputLatency is used below instead of
           defaultLowOutputLatency because it is more important for the default
           stream to work reliably than it is for it to work with the lowest
           latency.
         */
        hostApiOutputParameters.suggestedLatency =
             Pa_GetDeviceInfo( hostApiOutputParameters.device )->defaultHighOutputLatency;
        hostApiOutputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = &hostApiOutputParameters;
    }
    else
    {
        hostApiOutputParametersPtr = NULL;
    }


    result = Pa_OpenStream(
                 stream, hostApiInputParametersPtr, hostApiOutputParametersPtr,
                 sampleRate, framesPerBuffer, paNoFlag, streamCallback, userData );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_OpenDefaultStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t*(PaStream** stream): 0x%p", *stream );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( PaStream* stream )
{
    if( !PA_IS_INITIALISED_ ) return paNotInitialized;

    if( stream == NULL ) return paBadStreamPtr;

    if( ((PaUtilStreamRepresentation*)stream)->magic != PA_STREAM_MAGIC )
        return paBadStreamPtr;

    return paNoError;
}


PaError Pa_CloseStream( PaStream* stream )
{
    PaUtilStreamInterface *interface;
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_CloseStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    /* always remove the open stream from our list, even if this function
        eventually returns an error. Otherwise CloseOpenStreams() will
        get stuck in an infinite loop */
    RemoveOpenStream( stream ); /* be sure to call this _before_ closing the stream */

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        interface = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream);

        /* abort the stream if it isn't stopped */
        result = interface->IsStopped( stream );
        if( result == 1 )
            result = paNoError;
        else if( result == 0 )
            result = interface->Abort( stream );

        if( result == paNoError )                 /** @todo REVIEW: shouldn't we close anyway? */
            result = interface->Close( stream );
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_CloseStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback( PaStream *stream, PaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStreamFinishedCallback* streamFinishedCallback: 0x%p\n", streamFinishedCallback );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
        if( result == 0 )
        {
            result = paStreamIsNotStopped ;
        }
        if( result == 1 )
        {
            PA_STREAM_REP( stream )->streamFinishedCallback = streamFinishedCallback;
            result = paNoError;
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_SetStreamFinishedCallback returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;

}


PaError Pa_StartStream( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_StartStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
        if( result == 0 )
        {
            result = paStreamIsNotStopped ;
        }
        else if( result == 1 )
        {
            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Start( stream );
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_StartStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_StopStream( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_StopStream called\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
        if( result == 0 )
        {
            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Stop( stream );
        }
        else if( result == 1 )
        {
            result = paStreamIsStopped;
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_StopStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_AbortStream( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_AbortStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
        if( result == 0 )
        {
            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Abort( stream );
        }
        else if( result == 1 )
        {
            result = paStreamIsStopped;
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_AbortStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_IsStreamStopped( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsStreamStopped called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsStreamStopped returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_IsStreamActive( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsStreamActive called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsActive( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_IsStreamActive returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


const PaStreamInfo* Pa_GetStreamInfo( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
    const PaStreamInfo *result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamInfo called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( error != paNoError )
    {
        result = 0;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tconst PaStreamInfo*: 0 [PaError error:%d ( %s )]\n\n", result, error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        result = &PA_STREAM_REP( stream )->streamInfo;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamInfo returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tconst PaStreamInfo*: 0x%p:\n", result );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t{" );

        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tint structVersion: %d\n", result->structVersion );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tPaTime inputLatency: %f\n", result->inputLatency );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tPaTime outputLatency: %f\n", result->outputLatency );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t\tdouble sampleRate: %f\n", result->sampleRate );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\t}\n\n" );
#endif

    }

    return result;
}


PaTime Pa_GetStreamTime( PaStream *stream )
{
    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
    PaTime result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamTime called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( error != paNoError )
    {
        result = 0;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamTime returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaTime: 0 [PaError error:%d ( %s )]\n\n", result, error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetTime( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamTime returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaTime: %g\n\n", result );
#endif

    }

    return result;
}


double Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad( PaStream* stream )
{
    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
    double result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( error != paNoError )
    {

        result = 0.0;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tdouble: 0.0 [PaError error: %d ( %s )]\n\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetCpuLoad( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamCpuLoad returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tdouble: %g\n\n", result );
#endif

    }

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_ReadStream( PaStream* stream,
                       void *buffer,
                       unsigned long frames )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_ReadStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        if( frames == 0 )
        {
            result = paInternalError; /** @todo should return a different error code */
        }
        else if( buffer == 0 )
        {
            result = paInternalError; /** @todo should return a different error code */
        }
        else
        {
            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
            if( result == 0 )
            {
                result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Read( stream, buffer, frames );
            }
            else if( result == 1 )
            {
                result = paStreamIsStopped;
            }
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_ReadStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_WriteStream( PaStream* stream,
                        const void *buffer,
                        unsigned long frames )
{
    PaError result = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_WriteStream called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( result == paNoError )
    {
        if( frames == 0 )
        {
            result = paInternalError; /** @todo should return a different error code */
        }
        else if( buffer == 0 )
        {
            result = paInternalError; /** @todo should return a different error code */
        }
        else
        {
            result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->IsStopped( stream );
            if( result == 0 )
            {
                result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->Write( stream, buffer, frames );
            }
            else if( result == 1 )
            {
                result = paStreamIsStopped;
            }  
        }
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_WriteStream returned:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return result;
}

signed long Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable( PaStream* stream )
{
    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
    signed long result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( error != paNoError )
    {
        result = 0;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tunsigned long: 0 [ PaError error: %d ( %s ) ]\n\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetReadAvailable( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamReadAvailable returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    }

    return result;
}


signed long Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable( PaStream* stream )
{
    PaError error = PaUtil_ValidateStreamPointer( stream );
    signed long result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaStream* stream: 0x%p\n", stream );
#endif

    if( error != paNoError )
    {
        result = 0;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tunsigned long: 0 [ PaError error: %d ( %s ) ]\n\n", error, Pa_GetErrorText( error ) );
#endif

    }
    else
    {
        result = PA_STREAM_INTERFACE(stream)->GetWriteAvailable( stream );

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetStreamWriteAvailable returned:\n" );
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    }

    return result;
}


PaError Pa_GetSampleSize( PaSampleFormat format )
{
    int result;

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetSampleSize called:\n" );
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaSampleFormat format: %d\n", format );
#endif

    switch( format & ~paNonInterleaved )
    {

    case paUInt8:
    case paInt8:
        result = 1;
        break;

    case paInt16:
        result = 2;
        break;

    case paInt24:
        result = 3;
        break;

    case paFloat32:
    case paInt32:
        result = 4;
        break;

    default:
        result = paSampleFormatNotSupported;
        break;
    }

#ifdef PA_LOG_API_CALLS
    PaUtil_DebugPrint("Pa_GetSampleSize returned:\n" );
    if( result > 0 )
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tint: %d\n\n", result );
    else
        PaUtil_DebugPrint("\tPaError: %d ( %s )\n\n", result, Pa_GetErrorText( result ) );
#endif

    return (PaError) result;
}

