/*
 *  R : A Computer Language for Statistical Data Analysis
 *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996  Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
 *  Copyright (C) 1998--2006  Robert Gentleman, Ross Ihaka and the
 *                            R Development Core Team
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
 */


#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <Defn.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h> /* required for MB_LEN_MAX */


#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>
static void mbcsToSbcs(char *in, char *out, char *encoding);
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_ICONV) && defined(ICONV_LATIN1)
#include <R_ext/Riconv.h>
#endif

#include <Rmath.h>		/* for rround */
#include "Graphics.h"
#include <R_ext/Error.h>
#include "Fileio.h"
#include <Rdevices.h>
#include "grDevices.h"

#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
#include <errno.h>
#else
extern int errno;
#endif


#define INVALID_COL 0xff0a0b0c

/* Define this to use hyphen except in -[0-9] */
#undef USE_HYPHEN
/* In ISOLatin1, minus is 45 and hyphen is 173 */
#ifdef USE_HYPHEN
static char PS_hyphen = 173;
#endif

#define USERAFM 999

/* Part 0.  AFM File Names */

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
static char *CIDBoldFontStr1 =
"16 dict begin\n"
"  /basecidfont exch def\n"
"  /basefont-H /.basefont-H /Identity-H [ basecidfont ] composefont def\n"
"  /basefont-V /.basefont-V /Identity-V [ basecidfont ] composefont def\n"
"  /CIDFontName dup basecidfont exch get def\n"
"  /CIDFontType 1 def\n"
"  /CIDSystemInfo dup basecidfont exch get def\n"
"  /FontInfo dup basecidfont exch get def\n"
"  /FontMatrix [ 1 0 0 1 0 0 ] def\n"
"  /FontBBox [\n"
"    basecidfont /FontBBox get cvx exec\n"
"    4 2 roll basecidfont /FontMatrix get transform\n"
"    4 2 roll basecidfont /FontMatrix get transform\n"
"  ] def\n"
"  /cid 2 string def\n";
static char *CIDBoldFontStr2 =
"  /BuildGlyph {\n"
"    gsave\n"
"    exch begin\n"
"      dup 256 idiv cid exch 0 exch put\n"
"      256 mod cid exch 1 exch put\n"
"      rootfont\n"
"        /WMode known { rootfont /WMode get 1 eq } { false } ifelse\n"
"      { basefont-V } { basefont-H } ifelse setfont\n"
"      .03 setlinewidth 1 setlinejoin\n"
"      newpath\n"
"      0 0 moveto cid false charpath stroke\n"
"      0 0 moveto cid show\n"
"      currentpoint setcharwidth\n"
"    end\n"
"    grestore\n"
"  } bind def\n"
"  currentdict\n"
"end\n"
"/CIDFont defineresource pop\n";
#endif


/* Part 1.  AFM File Parsing.  */

/* These are the basic entities in the AFM file */

#define BUFSIZE 512
#define NA_SHORT -30000

typedef struct {
    unsigned char c1;
    unsigned char c2;
    short kern;
} KP;

typedef struct {
    short FontBBox[4];
    short CapHeight;
    short XHeight;
    short Descender;
    short Ascender;
    short StemH;
    short StemV;
    short ItalicAngle;
    struct {
	short WX;
	short BBox[4];
    } CharInfo[256];
    KP *KernPairs;
    short KPstart[256];
    short KPend[256];
    short nKP;
    short IsFixedPitch;
} FontMetricInfo;

enum {
    Empty,
    StartFontMetrics,
    Comment,
    FontName,
    EncodingScheme,
    FullName,
    FamilyName,
    Weight,
    ItalicAngle,
    IsFixedPitch,
    UnderlinePosition,
    UnderlineThickness,
    Version,
    Notice,
    FontBBox,
    CapHeight,
    XHeight,
    Descender,
    Ascender,
    StartCharMetrics,
    C,
    CH,
    EndCharMetrics,
    StartKernData,
    StartKernPairs,
    KPX,
    EndKernPairs,
    EndKernData,
    StartComposites,
    CC,
    EndComposites,
    EndFontMetrics,
    StdHW,
    StdVW,
    CharacterSet,
    Unknown
};

static const struct {
    const char *keyword;
    const int code;
}
KeyWordDictionary[] = {
    { "StartFontMetrics",    StartFontMetrics },
    { "Comment",	     Comment },
    { "FontName",	     FontName },
    { "EncodingScheme",	     EncodingScheme },
    { "FullName",	     FullName },
    { "FamilyName",	     FamilyName },
    { "Weight",		     Weight },
    { "ItalicAngle",	     ItalicAngle },
    { "IsFixedPitch",	     IsFixedPitch },
    { "UnderlinePosition",   UnderlinePosition },
    { "UnderlineThickness",  UnderlineThickness },
    { "Version",	     Version },
    { "Notice",		     Notice },
    { "FontBBox",	     FontBBox },
    { "CapHeight",	     CapHeight },
    { "XHeight",	     XHeight },
    { "Descender",	     Descender },
    { "Ascender",	     Ascender },
    { "StartCharMetrics",    StartCharMetrics },
    { "C ",		     C },
    { "CH ",		     CH },
    { "EndCharMetrics",	     EndCharMetrics },
    { "StartKernData",	     StartKernData },
    { "StartKernPairs",	     StartKernPairs },
    { "KPX ",		     KPX },
    { "EndKernPairs",	     EndKernPairs },
    { "EndKernData",	     EndKernData },
    { "StartComposites",     StartComposites },
    { "CC ",		     CC },
    { "EndComposites",	     EndComposites },
    { "EndFontMetrics",	     EndFontMetrics },
    { "StdHW",		     StdHW },
    { "StdVW",		     StdVW },
    { "CharacterSet",	     CharacterSet},
    { NULL,		     Unknown },
};

static int MatchKey(char const * l, char const * k)
{
    while (*k)
	if (*k++ != *l++) return 0;
    return 1;
}

static int KeyType(const char * const s)
{
    int i;
    if (*s == '\n')
	return Empty;
    for (i = 0; KeyWordDictionary[i].keyword; i++)
	if (MatchKey(s, KeyWordDictionary[i].keyword))
	    return KeyWordDictionary[i].code;
    printf("Unknown %s\n", s);
    return Unknown;
}

static char *SkipToNextItem(char *p)
{
    while (!isspace((int)*p)) p++;
    while (isspace((int)*p)) p++;
    return p;
}

static char *SkipToNextKey(char *p)
{
    while (*p != ';') p++;
    p++;
    while (isspace((int)*p)) p++;
    return p;
}

static int GetFontBBox(char *buf, FontMetricInfo *metrics)
{
    if (sscanf(buf, "FontBBox %hd %hd %hd %hd",
	      &(metrics->FontBBox[0]),
	      &(metrics->FontBBox[1]),
	      &(metrics->FontBBox[2]),
	      &(metrics->FontBBox[3])) != 4) return 0;
#ifdef DEBUG_PS2
    Rprintf("FontBBox %d %d %d %d\n",
	    (metrics->FontBBox[0]),
	    (metrics->FontBBox[1]),
	    (metrics->FontBBox[2]),
	    (metrics->FontBBox[3]));
#endif
    return 1;
}

/* The longest named Adobe glyph is 39 chars:
   whitediamondcontainingblacksmalldiamond
 */
typedef struct {
    char cname[40];
} CNAME;


/* If reencode > 0, remap to new encoding */
static int GetCharInfo(char *buf, FontMetricInfo *metrics,
		       CNAME *charnames, CNAME *encnames,
		       int reencode)
{
    char *p = buf, charname[40];
    int nchar, nchar2 = -1, i;
    short WX;

    if (!MatchKey(buf, "C ")) return 0;
    p = SkipToNextItem(p);
    sscanf(p, "%d", &nchar);
    if ((nchar < 0 || nchar > 255) && !reencode) return 1;
    p = SkipToNextKey(p);

    if (!MatchKey(p, "WX")) return 0;
    p = SkipToNextItem(p);
    sscanf(p, "%hd", &WX);
    p = SkipToNextKey(p);

    if (!MatchKey(p, "N ")) return 0;
    p = SkipToNextItem(p);
    if(reencode) {
	sscanf(p, "%s", charname);
#ifdef DEBUG_PS2
	Rprintf("char name %s\n", charname);
#endif
	/* a few chars appear twice in ISOLatin1 */
	nchar = nchar2 = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	    if(!strcmp(charname, encnames[i].cname)) {
		strcpy(charnames[i].cname, charname);
		if(nchar == -1) nchar = i; else nchar2 = i;
	    }
	if (nchar == -1) return 1;
    } else {
	sscanf(p, "%s", charnames[nchar].cname);
    }
    metrics->CharInfo[nchar].WX = WX;
    p = SkipToNextKey(p);

    if (!MatchKey(p, "B ")) return 0;
    p = SkipToNextItem(p);
    sscanf(p, "%hd %hd %hd %hd",
	   &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[0]),
	   &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[1]),
	   &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[2]),
	   &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[3]));

#ifdef DEBUG_PS2
    Rprintf("nchar = %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", nchar,
	    metrics->CharInfo[nchar].WX,
	    metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[0],
	    metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[1],
	    metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[2],
	    metrics->CharInfo[nchar].BBox[3]);
#endif
    if (nchar2 > 0) {
	metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].WX = WX;
	sscanf(p, "%hd %hd %hd %hd",
	       &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[0]),
	       &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[1]),
	       &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[2]),
	       &(metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[3]));

#ifdef DEBUG_PS2
	Rprintf("nchar = %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", nchar2,
		metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].WX,
		metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[0],
		metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[1],
		metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[2],
		metrics->CharInfo[nchar2].BBox[3]);
#endif
    }
    return 1;
}

static int GetKPX(char *buf, int nkp, FontMetricInfo *metrics,
		  CNAME *charnames)
{
    char *p = buf, c1[50], c2[50];
    int i, done = 0;

    p = SkipToNextItem(p);
    sscanf(p, "%s %s %hd", c1, c2, &(metrics->KernPairs[nkp].kern));
    for(i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
	if (!strcmp(c1, charnames[i].cname)) {
	    metrics->KernPairs[nkp].c1 = i;
	    done++;
	    break;
	}
    }
    for(i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	if (!strcmp(c2, charnames[i].cname)) {
	    metrics->KernPairs[nkp].c2 = i;
	    done++;
	    break;
	}
    return (done==2);
}

/* Encode File Parsing.  */
/* Statics here are OK, as all the calls are in one initialization
   so no concurrency (until threads?) */

typedef struct {
  /* Probably can make buf and p0 local variables. Only p needs to be
     stored across calls. Need to investigate this more closely. */
  char buf[1000];
  char *p;
  char *p0;
} EncodingInputState;

/* read in the next encoding item, separated by white space. */
static int GetNextItem(FILE *fp, char *dest, int c, EncodingInputState *state)
{
    if (c < 0) state->p = NULL;
    while (1) {
	if (feof(fp)) { state->p = NULL; return 1; }
	if (!state->p || *state->p == '\n' || *state->p == '\0') {
	    state->p = fgets(state->buf, 1000, fp);
	}
	/* check for incomplete encoding file */
	if(!state->p) return 1;
	while (isspace((int)* state->p)) state->p++;
	if (state->p == '\0' || *state->p == '%'|| *state->p == '\n') { state->p = NULL; continue; }
	state->p0 = state->p;
	while (!isspace((int)*state->p)) state->p++;
	if (state->p != '\0') *state->p++ = '\0';
	if(c == 45) strcpy(dest, "/minus"); else strcpy(dest, state->p0);
	break;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Convert the encoding file name into a name to be used with iconv()
 * in mbcsToSbcs()
 *
 * FIXME:  Doesn't trim path/to/encfile (i.e., doesn't handle
 *         custom encoding file selected by user).
 *         Also assumes that encpath has ".enc" suffix supplied
 *         (not required by R interface)
 */
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
static int pathcmp(char *encpath, char *comparison) {
    char pathcopy[PATH_MAX];
    char *p1, *p2;
    strcpy(pathcopy, encpath);
    /*
     * Strip path/to/encfile/
     */
    p1 = &(pathcopy[0]);
    while ((p2 = strchr(p1, FILESEP[0]))) {
	p1 = p2 + sizeof(char);
    }
    /*
     * Strip suffix
     */
    p2 = (strchr(p1, '.'));
    if (p2)
	*p2 = '\0';
    return strcmp(p1, comparison);
}
#endif

static void seticonvName(char *encpath, char *convname) {
    /*
     * Default to "latin1"
     */
    strcpy(convname, "latin1");
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    {
	char *p;
	if(pathcmp(encpath, "ISOLatin1")==0)
	    strcpy(convname, "latin1");
	else if(pathcmp(encpath, "ISOLatin2")==0)
	    strcpy(convname, "latin2");
	else if(pathcmp(encpath, "ISOLatin7")==0)
	    strcpy(convname, "latin7");
	else if(pathcmp(encpath, "ISOLatin9")==0)
	    strcpy(convname, "latin-9");
	else if (pathcmp(encpath, "WinAnsi")==0)
	    strcpy(convname, "CP1252");
	else {
	    /*
	     * Last resort = trim .enc off encpath to produce convname
	     */
	    strcpy(convname, encpath);
	    p = strrchr(convname, '.');
	    if(p) *p = '\0';
	}
    }
#endif
}

/* Load encoding array from a file: defaults to the R_HOME/library/grDevices/afm directory */

/*
 * encpath gives the file to read from
 * encname is filled with the encoding name from the file
 * encconvname is filled with a "translation" of the encoding name into
 *             one that can be used with iconv()
 * encnames is filled with the character names from the file
 * enccode is filled with the raw source of the file
 */
static int
LoadEncoding(char *encpath, char *encname,
	     char *encconvname, CNAME *encnames,
	     char *enccode, Rboolean isPDF)
{
    char buf[BUFSIZE];
    int i;
    FILE *fp;
    EncodingInputState state;
    state.p = state.p0 = NULL;

    seticonvName(encpath, encconvname);

    if(strchr(encpath, FILESEP[0])) strcpy(buf, encpath);
    else snprintf(buf, BUFSIZE,"%s%slibrary%sgrDevices%senc%s%s",
		  R_Home, FILESEP, FILESEP, FILESEP, FILESEP, encpath);
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
    Rprintf("encoding path is %s\n", buf);
#endif
    if (!(fp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "r"))) {
	strcat(buf, ".enc");
	if (!(fp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "r"))) return 0;
    }
    if (GetNextItem(fp, buf, -1, &state)) return 0; /* encoding name */
    strcpy(encname, buf+1);
    if (!isPDF) snprintf(enccode, 5000, "/%s [\n", encname);
    else enccode[0] = '\0';
    if (GetNextItem(fp, buf, 0, &state)) { fclose(fp); return 0;} /* [ */
    for(i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
	if (GetNextItem(fp, buf, i, &state)) { fclose(fp); return 0; }
	strcpy(encnames[i].cname, buf+1);
	strcat(enccode, " /"); strcat(enccode, encnames[i].cname);
	if(i%8 == 7) strcat(enccode, "\n");
    }
    if (GetNextItem(fp, buf, 0, &state)) { fclose(fp); return 0;} /* ] */
    fclose(fp);
    if (!isPDF) strcat(enccode,"]\n");
    return 1;
}

/* Load font metrics from a file: defaults to the
   R_HOME/library/grDevices/afm directory */
static int
PostScriptLoadFontMetrics(const char * const fontpath,
			  FontMetricInfo *metrics,
			  char *fontname,
			  CNAME *charnames,
			  CNAME *encnames,
			  int reencode)
{
    char buf[BUFSIZE], *p, truth[10];
    int mode, i = 0, j, ii, nKPX=0;
    FILE *fp;

    if(strchr(fontpath, FILESEP[0])) strcpy(buf, fontpath);
    else snprintf(buf, BUFSIZE,"%s%slibrary%sgrDevices%safm%s%s",
		  R_Home, FILESEP, FILESEP, FILESEP, FILESEP, fontpath);
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
    Rprintf("afmpath is %s\n", buf);
    Rprintf("reencode is %d\n", reencode);
#endif

    if (!(fp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "r"))) {
	warning(_("afm file '%s' could not be opened"),
		R_ExpandFileName(buf));
	return 0;
    }

    metrics->KernPairs = NULL;
    metrics->CapHeight = metrics->XHeight = metrics->Descender =
	metrics->Ascender = metrics->StemH = metrics->StemV = NA_SHORT;
    metrics->IsFixedPitch = -1;
    metrics->ItalicAngle = 0;
    mode = 0;
    for (ii = 0; ii < 256; ii++) {
	charnames[ii].cname[0] = '\0';
	metrics->CharInfo[ii].WX = NA_SHORT;
	for(j = 0; j < 4; j++) metrics->CharInfo[ii].BBox[j] = 0;
    }
    while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZE, fp)) {
	switch(KeyType(buf)) {

	case StartFontMetrics:
	    mode = StartFontMetrics;
	    break;

	case EndFontMetrics:
	    mode = 0;
	    break;

	case FontBBox:
	    if (!GetFontBBox(buf, metrics)) {
		warning(_("FontBBox could not be parsed"));
		goto pserror;
	    }
	    break;

	case C:
	    if (mode != StartFontMetrics) goto pserror;
	    if (!GetCharInfo(buf, metrics, charnames, encnames, reencode)) {
		warning(_("CharInfo could not be parsed"));
		goto pserror;
	    }
	    break;

	case StartKernData:
	    mode = StartKernData;
	    break;

	case StartKernPairs:
	    if(mode != StartKernData) goto pserror;
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%d", &nKPX);
	    if(nKPX > 0) {
		/* nPKX == 0 should not happen, but has */
		metrics->KernPairs = (KP *) malloc(nKPX * sizeof(KP));
		if (!metrics->KernPairs) goto pserror;
	    }
	    break;

	case KPX:
	    if(mode != StartKernData || i >= nKPX) goto pserror;
	    if (GetKPX(buf, i, metrics, charnames)) i++;
	    break;

	case EndKernData:
	    mode = 0;
	    break;

	case Unknown:
	    warning(_("unknown AFM entity encountered"));
	    break;

	case FontName:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%[^\n\f\r]", fontname);
	    break;

	case CapHeight:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->CapHeight);
	    break;

	case XHeight:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->XHeight);
	    break;

	case Ascender:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->Ascender);
	    break;

	case Descender:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->Descender);
	    break;

	case StdHW:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->StemH);
	    break;

	case StdVW:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->StemV);
	    break;

	case ItalicAngle:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%hd", &metrics->ItalicAngle);
	    break;

	case IsFixedPitch:
	    p = SkipToNextItem(buf);
	    sscanf(p, "%[^\n\f\r]", truth);
	    metrics->IsFixedPitch = strcmp(truth, "true") == 0;
	    break;

	case Empty:
	default:
	    break;
	}
    }
    metrics->nKP = i;
    fclose(fp);
    /* Make an index for kern-pair searches: relies on having contiguous
       blocks by first char for efficiency, but works in all cases. */
    {
	short ind, tmp;
	for (j = 0; j < 256; j++) {
	    metrics->KPstart[j] = i;
	    metrics->KPend[j] = 0;
	}
	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
	    ind = metrics->KernPairs[j].c1;
	    tmp = metrics->KPstart[ind];
	    if(j < tmp) metrics->KPstart[ind] = j;
	    tmp = metrics->KPend[ind];
	    if(j > tmp) metrics->KPend[ind] = j;
	}
    }
    return 1;
pserror:
    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
extern int Ri18n_wcwidth(wchar_t c);
#endif


static double
PostScriptStringWidth(unsigned char *str,
		      FontMetricInfo *metrics,
		      int face, char *encoding)
{
    int sum = 0, i;
    short wx;
    unsigned char *p = NULL, *str1 = str;
    unsigned char p1, p2;

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    char *buff;
    int status;
    if(!metrics && (face % 5) != 0) {
	/* This is the CID font case, and should only happen for
	   non-symbol fonts.  So we assume monospaced with multipliers.
	   We need to remap even if we are in a SBCS, should we get to here */
	ucs2_t *ucs2s;
	size_t ucslen;
	ucslen = mbcsToUcs2((char *)str, NULL, 0);
	if (ucslen != (size_t)-1) {
	    /* We convert the characters but not the terminator here */
	    ucs2s = (ucs2_t *) alloca(sizeof(ucs2_t) * ucslen);
	    R_CheckStack();
	    status = (int) mbcsToUcs2((char *)str, ucs2s, ucslen);
	    if (status >= 0)
		for(i = 0 ; i < ucslen ; i++) {
		    wx = 500 * Ri18n_wcwidth(ucs2s[i]);
		    /* printf("width for U+%04x is %d\n", ucs2s[i], wx); */
		    sum += wx;
		}
	    else
		warning(_("invalid string in '%s'"), "PostScriptStringWidth");
	    return 0.001 * sum;
	} else {
	    warning(_("invalid string in '%s'"), "PostScriptStringWidth");
	    return 0.0;
	}
    } else
	if(utf8locale && !utf8strIsASCII((char *) str) &&
	   /*
	    * Every fifth font is a symbol font:
	    * see postscriptFonts()
	    */
	   (face % 5) != 0) {
	    buff = alloca(strlen((char *)str)+1);
	    /* Output string cannot be longer */
	    R_CheckStack();
	    mbcsToSbcs((char *)str, buff, encoding);
	    str1 = (unsigned char *)buff;
	}
#endif

    /* Now we know we have an 8-bit encoded string in the encoding to
       be used for output. */
    for (p = str1; *p; p++) {
#ifdef USE_HYPHEN
	if (*p == '-' && !isdigit(p[1]))
	    wx = metrics->CharInfo[(int)PS_hyphen].WX;
	else
#endif
	    wx = metrics->CharInfo[*p].WX;
	if(wx == NA_SHORT)
	    warning(_("font width unknown for character 0x%x"), *p);
	else sum += wx;

	/* check for kerning adjustment */
	p1 = p[0]; p2 = p[1];
	for (i =  metrics->KPstart[p1]; i < metrics->KPend[p1]; i++)
	    /* second test is a safety check: should all start with p1  */
	    if(metrics->KernPairs[i].c2 == p2 &&
	       metrics->KernPairs[i].c1 == p1) {
		sum += metrics->KernPairs[i].kern;
		break;
	    }
    }
    return 0.001 * sum;
}


/* Be careful about the assumptions here.  In an 8-bit locale 0 <= c < 256
   and it is in the encoding in use.  As it is not going to be
   re-encoded when text is output, it is correct not to re-encode here.

   When called in an MBCS locale and font != 5, chars < 128 are sent
   as is (we assume that is ASCII) and others are re-encoded to
   Unicode in GEText (and interpreted as Unicode in GESymbol).
*/
# ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
static const char UCS2ENC[] = "UCS-2BE";
# else
static const char UCS2ENC[] = "UCS-2LE";
# endif

static void
PostScriptMetricInfo(int c, double *ascent, double *descent, double *width,
		     FontMetricInfo *metrics,
		     Rboolean isSymbol,
		     char *encoding)
{
    if (c == 0) {
	*ascent = 0.001 * metrics->FontBBox[3];
	*descent = -0.001 * metrics->FontBBox[1];
	*width = 0.001 * (metrics->FontBBox[2] - metrics->FontBBox[0]);
	return;
    }

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    /* We don't need the restriction to 65536 here any more as we could
       convert from  UCS4ENC, but there are no language chars about 65536. */
    if(mbcslocale && !isSymbol && c >= 128 && c < 65536) { /* Unicode */
	void *cd = NULL;
	char *i_buf, *o_buf, out[2];
	size_t i_len, o_len, status;
	unsigned short w[2];

	if ((void*)-1 == (cd = Riconv_open(encoding, (char *)UCS2ENC)))
	    error(_("unknown encoding '%s' in 'PostScriptMetricInfo'"),
		  encoding);

	/* Here we use terminated strings, but could use one char */
	w[0] = c; w[1] = 0;
	i_buf = (char *)w;
	i_len = 4;
	o_buf = out;
	o_len = 2;
	status = Riconv(cd, (char **)&i_buf, (size_t *)&i_len,
			(char **)&o_buf, (size_t *)&o_len);
	Riconv_close(cd);
	if (status == (size_t)-1) {
	    *ascent = 0;
	    *descent = 0;
	    *width = 0;
	    warning(_("font metrics unknown for Unicode character U+%04x"), c);
	    return;
	} else {
	    c = out[0] & 0xff;
	}
    }
#endif

    if (c > 255) { /* Unicode */
	*ascent = 0;
	*descent = 0;
	*width = 0;
	warning(_("font metrics unknown for Unicode character U+%04x"), c);
    } else {
	short wx;

	*ascent = 0.001 * metrics->CharInfo[c].BBox[3];
	*descent = -0.001 * metrics->CharInfo[c].BBox[1];
	wx = metrics->CharInfo[c].WX;
	if(wx == NA_SHORT) {
	    warning(_("font metrics unknown for character 0x%x"), c);
	    wx = 0;
	}
	*width = 0.001 * wx;
    }
}

static void
PostScriptCIDMetricInfo(int c, double *ascent, double *descent, double *width)
{
    /* calling in a SBCS is probably not intentional, but we should try to
       cope sensibly. */
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    if(!mbcslocale && c > 0) {
	if (c > 255)
	    error(_("invalid character sent to 'PostScriptCIDMetricInfo' in a single-byte locale"));
	else {
	    /* convert to UCS-2 to use wcwidth. */
	    char str;
	    ucs2_t out;
	    str = c;
	    if(mbcsToUcs2(&str, &out, 1) == (size_t)-1)
		error(_("invalid character sent to 'PostScriptCIDMetricInfo' in a single-byte locale"));
	    c = out;
	}
    }
#endif

    /* Design values for all CJK fonts */
    *ascent = 0.880;
    *descent = -0.120;
    if (c == 0 || c > 65535) {
	*width = 1;
    } else {
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
	*width = 0.5*Ri18n_wcwidth(c);
#else
	*width = 0.5;
#endif
    }
}


/*******************************************************
 * Data structures and functions for loading Type 1 fonts into an R session.
 *
 * Used by PostScript, XFig and PDF drivers.
 *
 * The idea is that font information is only loaded once for each font
 * within an R session.  Also, each encoding is only loaded once per
 * session.  A global list of loaded fonts and a global list of
 * loaded encodings are maintained.  Devices maintain their own list
 * of fonts and encodings used on the device;  the elements of these
 * lists are just pointers to the elements of the global lists.
 *
 * Cleaning up device lists just involves free'ing the lists themselves.
 * When the R session closes, the actual font and encoding information
 * is unloaded using the global lists.
 */

/*
 * Information about one Type 1 font
 */
typedef struct CIDFontInfo {
    char name[50];
} CIDFontInfo, *cidfontinfo;

typedef struct T1FontInfo {
    char name[50];
    FontMetricInfo metrics;
    CNAME charnames[256];
} Type1FontInfo, *type1fontinfo;

/*
 * Information about a font encoding
 */
typedef struct EncInfo {
    char encpath[PATH_MAX];
    char name[100]; /* Name written to PostScript/PDF file */
    char convname[50]; /* Name used in mbcsToSbcs() with iconv() */
    CNAME encnames[256];
    char enccode[5000];
} EncodingInfo, *encodinginfo;

/*
 * Information about a font family
 * (5 fonts representing plain, bold, italic, bolditalic, and symbol)
 *
 * The name is a graphics engine font family name
 * (distinct from the Type 1 font name)
 */
typedef struct CIDFontFamily {
    char fxname[50];
    cidfontinfo cidfonts[4];
    type1fontinfo symfont;
    char cmap[50];
    char encoding[50];
} CIDFontFamily, *cidfontfamily;

typedef struct T1FontFamily {
    char fxname[50];
    type1fontinfo fonts[5];
    encodinginfo encoding;
} Type1FontFamily, *type1fontfamily;

/*
 * A list of Type 1 font families
 *
 * Used to keep track of fonts currently loaded in the session
 * AND by each device to keep track of fonts currently used on the device.
 */
typedef struct CIDFontList {
    cidfontfamily cidfamily;
    struct CIDFontList *next;
} CIDFontList, *cidfontlist;

typedef struct T1FontList {
    type1fontfamily family;
    struct T1FontList *next;
} Type1FontList, *type1fontlist;

/*
 * Same as type 1 font list, but for encodings.
 */
typedef struct EncList {
    encodinginfo encoding;
    struct EncList *next;
} EncodingList, *encodinglist;

/*
 * Various constructors and destructors
 */
static cidfontinfo makeCIDFont()
{
    cidfontinfo font = (CIDFontInfo *) malloc(sizeof(CIDFontInfo));
    if (!font)
	warning(_("failed to allocate CID font info"));
    return font;
}

static type1fontinfo makeType1Font()
{
    type1fontinfo font = (Type1FontInfo *) malloc(sizeof(Type1FontInfo));
    /*
     * Initialise font->metrics.KernPairs to NULL
     * so that we know NOT to free it if we fail to
     * load this font and have to
     * bail out and free this type1fontinfo
     */
    font->metrics.KernPairs = NULL;
    if (!font)
	warning(_("failed to allocate Type 1 font info"));
    return font;
}

static void freeCIDFont(cidfontinfo font)
{
    free(font);
}

static void freeType1Font(type1fontinfo font)
{
    if (font->metrics.KernPairs)
	free(font->metrics.KernPairs);
    free(font);
}

static encodinginfo makeEncoding()
{
    encodinginfo encoding = (EncodingInfo *) malloc(sizeof(EncodingInfo));
    if (!encoding)
	warning(_("failed to allocate encoding info"));
    return encoding;
}

static void freeEncoding(encodinginfo encoding)
{
    free(encoding);
}

static cidfontfamily makeCIDFontFamily()
{
    cidfontfamily family = (CIDFontFamily *) malloc(sizeof(CIDFontFamily));
    if (family) {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	    family->cidfonts[i] = NULL;
	family->symfont = NULL;
    } else
	warning(_("failed to allocate CID font family"));
    return family;
}

static type1fontfamily makeFontFamily()
{
    type1fontfamily family = (Type1FontFamily *) malloc(sizeof(Type1FontFamily));
    if (family) {
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	    family->fonts[i] = NULL;
	family->encoding = NULL;
    } else
	warning(_("failed to allocate Type 1 font family"));
    return family;
}
/*
 * Frees a font family, including fonts, but NOT encoding
 *
 * Used by global font list to free all fonts loaded in session
 * (should not be used by devices; else may free fonts more than once)
 *
 * Encodings are freed using the global encoding list
 * (to ensure that each encoding is only freed once)
 */
static void freeCIDFontFamily(cidfontfamily family)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	if (family->cidfonts[i])
	    freeCIDFont(family->cidfonts[i]);
    if (family->symfont)
        freeType1Font(family->symfont);
    free(family);
}

static void freeFontFamily(type1fontfamily family)
{
    int i;
    for (i=0; i<5; i++)
	if (family->fonts[i])
	    freeType1Font(family->fonts[i]);
    free(family);
}

static cidfontlist makeCIDFontList()
{
    cidfontlist fontlist = (CIDFontList *) malloc(sizeof(CIDFontList));
    if (fontlist) {
	fontlist->cidfamily = NULL;
	fontlist->next = NULL;
    } else
	warning(_("failed to allocate font list"));
    return fontlist;
}

static type1fontlist makeFontList()
{
    type1fontlist fontlist = (Type1FontList *) malloc(sizeof(Type1FontList));
    if (fontlist) {
	fontlist->family = NULL;
	fontlist->next = NULL;
    } else
	warning(_("failed to allocate font list"));
    return fontlist;
}

/*
 * Just free the Type1FontList structure, do NOT free elements it points to
 *
 * Used by both global font list and devices to free the font lists
 * (global font list separately takes care of the fonts pointed to)
 */
static void freeCIDFontList(cidfontlist fontlist) {
    /*
     * These will help to find any errors if attempt to
     * use freed font list.
     */
    fontlist->cidfamily = NULL;
    fontlist->next = NULL;
    free(fontlist);
}
static void freeFontList(type1fontlist fontlist) {
    /*
     * These will help to find any errors if attempt to
     * use freed font list.
     */
    fontlist->family = NULL;
    fontlist->next = NULL;
    free(fontlist);
}

static void freeDeviceCIDFontList(cidfontlist fontlist) {
    if (fontlist) {
	if (fontlist->next)
	    freeDeviceCIDFontList(fontlist->next);
	freeCIDFontList(fontlist);
    }
}
static void freeDeviceFontList(type1fontlist fontlist) {
    if (fontlist) {
	if (fontlist->next)
	    freeDeviceFontList(fontlist->next);
	freeFontList(fontlist);
    }
}

static encodinglist makeEncList()
{
    encodinglist enclist = (EncodingList *) malloc(sizeof(EncodingList));
    if (enclist) {
	enclist->encoding = NULL;
	enclist->next = NULL;
    } else
	warning(_("failed to allocated encoding list"));
    return enclist;
}

static void freeEncList(encodinglist enclist)
{
    enclist->encoding = NULL;
    enclist->next = NULL;
    free(enclist);
}

static void freeDeviceEncList(encodinglist enclist) {
    if (enclist) {
	if (enclist->next)
	    freeDeviceEncList(enclist->next);
	freeEncList(enclist);
    }
}

/*
 * Global list of fonts and encodings that have been loaded this session
 */
static cidfontlist loadedCIDFonts = NULL;
static type1fontlist loadedFonts = NULL;
static encodinglist loadedEncodings = NULL;
/*
 * There are separate PostScript and PDF font databases at R level
 * so MUST have separate C level records too
 * (because SAME device-independent font family name could map
 *  to DIFFERENT font for PostScript and PDF)
 */
static cidfontlist PDFloadedCIDFonts = NULL;
static type1fontlist PDFloadedFonts = NULL;

/*
 * Names of R level font databases
 */
static char PostScriptFonts[] = ".PostScript.Fonts";
static char PDFFonts[] = ".PDF.Fonts";

/*
 * Free the above globals
 *
 * NOTE that freeing the font families does NOT free the encodings
 * Hence we free all encodings first.
 */

/* NB this is exported, and was at some point used by KillAllDevices
   in src/main/graphics.c.  That would be a problem now it is in a
   separate DLL.
*/
#if 0
void freeType1Fonts()
{
    encodinglist enclist = loadedEncodings;
    type1fontlist fl = loadedFonts;
    cidfontlist   cidfl = loadedCIDFonts;
    type1fontlist pdffl = PDFloadedFonts;
    cidfontlist   pdfcidfl = PDFloadedCIDFonts;
    while (enclist) {
	enclist = enclist->next;
	freeEncoding(loadedEncodings->encoding);
	freeEncList(loadedEncodings);
	loadedEncodings = enclist;
    }
    while (fl) {
	fl = fl->next;
	freeFontFamily(loadedFonts->family);
	freeFontList(loadedFonts);
	loadedFonts = fl;
    }
    while (cidfl) {
	cidfl = cidfl->next;
	freeCIDFontFamily(loadedCIDFonts->cidfamily);
	freeCIDFontList(loadedCIDFonts);
	loadedCIDFonts = cidfl;
    }
    while (pdffl) {
	pdffl = pdffl->next;
	freeFontFamily(PDFloadedFonts->family);
	freeFontList(PDFloadedFonts);
	PDFloadedFonts = pdffl;
    }
    while (pdfcidfl) {
	pdfcidfl = pdfcidfl->next;
	freeCIDFontFamily(PDFloadedCIDFonts->cidfamily);
	freeCIDFontList(PDFloadedCIDFonts);
	PDFloadedCIDFonts = pdfcidfl;
    }
}
#endif

/*
 * Given a path to an encoding file,
 * find an EncodingInfo that corresponds
 */
static encodinginfo findEncoding(char *encpath, encodinglist deviceEncodings)
{
    encodinglist enclist = loadedEncodings;
    encodinginfo encoding = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    /*
     * "default" is a special encoding which means use the
     * default (FIRST) encoding set up ON THIS DEVICE.
     */
    if (!strcmp(encpath, "default")) {
	found = 1;
	encoding = deviceEncodings->encoding;
    } else {
	while (enclist && !found) {
	    found = !strcmp(encpath, enclist->encoding->encpath);
	    if (found)
		encoding = enclist->encoding;
	    enclist = enclist->next;
	}
    }
    return encoding;
}

/*
 * Find an encoding in device encoding list
 */
static encodinginfo findDeviceEncoding(char *encpath, encodinglist enclist,
				       int *index)
{
    encodinginfo encoding = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    *index = 0;
    while (enclist && !found) {
	found = !strcmp(encpath, enclist->encoding->encpath);
	if (found)
	    encoding = enclist->encoding;
	enclist = enclist->next;
	*index = *index + 1;
    }
    return encoding;
}

/*
 * Utility to avoid string overrun
 */
static void safestrcpy(char *dest, char *src, int maxlen)
{
    if (strlen(src) < maxlen)
	strcpy(dest, src);
    else {
	warning(_("truncated string which was too long for copy"));
	strncpy(dest, src, maxlen-1);
	dest[maxlen-1] = '\0';
    }
}

/*
 * Add an encoding to the list of loaded encodings ...
 *
 * ... and return the new encoding
 */
static encodinginfo addEncoding(char* encpath,
				Rboolean isPDF)
{
    encodinginfo encoding = makeEncoding();
    if (encoding) {
	if (LoadEncoding(encpath,
			 encoding->name,
			 encoding->convname,
			 encoding->encnames,
			 encoding->enccode,
			 isPDF)) {
	    encodinglist newenc = makeEncList();
	    if (!newenc) {
		freeEncoding(encoding);
		encoding = NULL;
	    } else {
		encodinglist enclist = loadedEncodings;
		safestrcpy(encoding->encpath, encpath, PATH_MAX);
		newenc->encoding = encoding;
		if (!enclist)
		    loadedEncodings = newenc;
		else {
		    while (enclist->next)
			enclist = enclist->next;
		    enclist->next = newenc;
		}
	    }
	} else {
	    warning(_("failed to load encoding file '%s'"), encpath);
	    freeEncoding(encoding);
	    encoding = NULL;
	}
    } else
	encoding = NULL;
    return encoding;
}

/*
 * Add an encoding to a list of device encodings ...
 *
 * ... and return the new list
 */
static encodinglist addDeviceEncoding(encodinginfo encoding,
				      encodinglist devEncs)
{
    encodinglist newenc = makeEncList();
    if (!newenc) {
	devEncs = NULL;
    } else {
	encodinglist enclist = devEncs;
	newenc->encoding = encoding;
	if (!devEncs)
	    devEncs = newenc;
	else {
	    while (enclist->next)
		enclist = enclist->next;
	    enclist->next = newenc;
	}
    }
    return devEncs;
}

/*
 * Given a graphics engine font family name,
 * find a Type1FontFamily that corresponds
 *
 * If get fxname match, check whether the encoding in the
 * R database is "default"
 * (i.e., the graphics engine font family encoding is unspecified)
 * If it is "default" then check that the loaded encoding is the
 * same as the encoding we want.  A matching encoding is defined
 * as one which leads to the same iconvname (see seticonvName()).
 * This could perhaps be made more rigorous by actually looking inside 
 * the relevant encoding file for the encoding name.
 *
 * If the encoding we want is NULL, then we just don't care.
 *
 * Returns NULL if can't find font in loadedFonts
 */

static char* getFontEncoding(char *family, char *fontdbname);

static type1fontfamily findLoadedFont(char *name, char *encoding,
				      Rboolean isPDF)
{
    type1fontlist fontlist;
    type1fontfamily font = NULL;
    char *fontdbname;
    int found = 0;

    if (isPDF) {
	fontlist = PDFloadedFonts;
	fontdbname = PDFFonts;
    } else {
	fontlist = loadedFonts;
	fontdbname = PostScriptFonts;
    }
    while (fontlist && !found) {
	found = !strcmp(name, fontlist->family->fxname);
	if (found) {
	    font = fontlist->family;
	    if (encoding) {
                char encconvname[50]; 
		char *encname = getFontEncoding(name, fontdbname);
                seticonvName(encoding, encconvname);
		if (!strcmp(encname, "default") &&
		    strcmp(fontlist->family->encoding->convname, 
                           encconvname)) {
		    font = NULL;
		    found = 0;
		}
	    }
	}
	fontlist = fontlist->next;
    }
    return font;
}

SEXP Type1FontInUse(SEXP name, SEXP isPDF)
{
    SEXP result;

    if (!isString(name) || LENGTH(name) > 1)
	error(_("Invalid font name or more than one font name"));
    PROTECT(result = allocVector(LGLSXP, 1));
    if (findLoadedFont(CHAR(STRING_ELT(name, 0)), NULL, asLogical(isPDF)))
	LOGICAL(result)[0] = TRUE;
    else
	LOGICAL(result)[0] = FALSE;
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

static cidfontfamily findLoadedCIDFont(char* family, Rboolean isPDF)
{
    cidfontlist fontlist;
    cidfontfamily font = NULL;
    int found = 0;

    if (isPDF) {
	fontlist = PDFloadedCIDFonts;
    } else {
	fontlist = loadedCIDFonts;
    }
    while (fontlist && !found) {
	found = !strcmp(family, fontlist->cidfamily->cidfonts[0]->name);
	if (found)
	    font = fontlist->cidfamily;
	fontlist = fontlist->next;
    }
#ifdef PS_DEBUG
    if(found)
	Rprintf("findLoadedCIDFont found = %s\n",family);
#endif
    return font;
}

SEXP CIDFontInUse(SEXP name, SEXP isPDF)
{
    SEXP result;
    if (!isString(name) || LENGTH(name) > 1)
	error(_("Invalid font name or more than one font name"));
    PROTECT(result = allocVector(LGLSXP, 1));
    if (findLoadedCIDFont(CHAR(STRING_ELT(name, 0)), asLogical(isPDF)))
	LOGICAL(result)[0] = TRUE;
    else
	LOGICAL(result)[0] = FALSE;
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Find a font in device font list
 */
static cidfontfamily findDeviceCIDFont(char *name, cidfontlist fontlist,
				       int *index)
{
    cidfontfamily font = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    *index = 0;
    /*
     * If the graphics engine font family is ""
     * just use the default font that was loaded when the device
     * was created.
     * This will (MUST) be the first font in the device
     */
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
    Rprintf("findDeviceCIDFont=%s\n", name);
    Rprintf("? cidfontlist %s\n", (fontlist) ? "found" : "not found");
#endif

    if (strlen(name) > 0) {
	while (fontlist && !found) {
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
	    Rprintf("findDeviceCIDFont=%s\n", name);
	    Rprintf("findDeviceCIDFont fontlist->cidfamily->name=%s\n",
		    fontlist->cidfamily->fxname);
#endif

	    found = !strcmp(name, fontlist->cidfamily->fxname);
	    if (found)
		font = fontlist->cidfamily;
	    fontlist = fontlist->next;
	    *index = *index + 1;
	}
    } else {
	font = fontlist->cidfamily;
	*index = 1;
    }
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
    Rprintf("findDeviceCIDFont find index=%d\n", *index);
    Rprintf("findDeviceCIDFont find font=%s\n", (font) ? "Found" : "NULL");
#endif
    return font;
}

/*
 * Must only be called once a device has at least one font added
 * (i.e., after the default font has been added)
 */
static type1fontfamily findDeviceFont(char *name, type1fontlist fontlist,
				      int *index)
{
    type1fontfamily font = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    *index = 0;
    /*
     * If the graphics engine font family is ""
     * just use the default font that was loaded when the device
     * was created.
     * This will (MUST) be the first font in the device
     */
    if (strlen(name) > 0) {
	while (fontlist && !found) {
	    found = !strcmp(name, fontlist->family->fxname);
	    if (found)
		font = fontlist->family;
	    fontlist = fontlist->next;
	    *index = *index + 1;
	}
    } else {
	font = fontlist->family;
	*index = 1;
    }
    return font;
}

/*
 * Get an R-level font database
 */
static SEXP getFontDB(char *fontdbname) {
    SEXP graphicsNS, PSenv;
    SEXP fontdb;
    PROTECT(graphicsNS = R_FindNamespace(ScalarString(mkChar("grDevices"))));
    PROTECT(PSenv = findVar(install(".PSenv"), graphicsNS));
    /* under lazy loading this will be a promise on first use */
    if(TYPEOF(PSenv) == PROMSXP) {
	PROTECT(PSenv);
	PSenv = eval(PSenv, graphicsNS);
	UNPROTECT(1);
    }
    PROTECT(fontdb = findVar(install(fontdbname), PSenv));
    UNPROTECT(3);
    return fontdb;
}

/*
 * Get an R-level font object
 */
static SEXP getFont(char *family, char *fontdbname) {
    int i, nfonts;
    SEXP result = R_NilValue;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(fontdbname);
    SEXP fontnames;
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i=0; i<nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    result = VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i);
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font family not found in PostScript font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Get the path to the afm file for a user-specifed font
 * given a graphics engine font family and the face
 * index (0..4)
 *
 * Do this by looking up the font name in the PostScript
 * font database
 */
static char* fontMetricsFileName(char *family, int faceIndex,
				 char *fontdbname)
{
    int i, nfonts;
    char* result = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(fontdbname);
    SEXP fontnames;
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i = 0; i < nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    /* 1 means vector of font afm file paths */
	    result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i), 1),
				     faceIndex));
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font family not found in PostScript font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

static char* getFontType(char *family, char* fontdbname) {
    char *result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(getAttrib(getFont(family, fontdbname),
					     R_ClassSymbol), 0));
    return result;
}

static Rboolean isType1Font(char *family, char *fontdbname,
			    type1fontfamily defaultFont) {
    /*
     * If family is "" then we're referring to the default device
     * font, so the test is just whether the default font is
     * type1
     *
     * If loading font, send NULL for defaultFont
     */
    if (strlen(family) == 0) {
	if (defaultFont)
	    return TRUE;
	else
	    return FALSE;
    } else
	return !strcmp(getFontType(family, fontdbname),
		       "Type1Font");
}

static Rboolean isCIDFont(char *family, char *fontdbname,
			  cidfontfamily defaultCIDFont) {
    /*
     * If family is "" then we're referring to the default device
     * font, so the test is just whether the default font is
     * type1
     *
     * If loading font, send NULL for defaultCIDFont
     */
    if (strlen(family) == 0) {
	if (defaultCIDFont)
	    return TRUE;
	else
	    return FALSE;
    } else
	return !strcmp(getFontType(family, fontdbname),
		       "CIDFont");
}

/*
 * Get encoding name from font database
 */
static char* getFontEncoding(char *family, char *fontdbname) {
    SEXP fontnames;
    int i, nfonts;
    char* result = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(fontdbname);
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i=0; i<nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    /* 2 means 'encoding' element */
	    result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i), 2), 0));
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font encoding not found in font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Get Font name from font database
 */
static char* getFontName(char *family, char *fontdbname) {
    SEXP fontnames;
    int i, nfonts;
    char* result = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(fontdbname);
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i=0; i<nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    /* 0 means 'family' element */
	    result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i), 0), 0));
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font CMap not found in font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Get CMap name from font database
 */
static char* getFontCMap(char *family, char *fontdbname) {
    SEXP fontnames;
    int i, nfonts;
    char* result = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(fontdbname);
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i=0; i<nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    /* 2 means 'cmap' element */
	    result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i), 2), 0));
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font CMap not found in font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Get Encoding name from CID font in font database
 */
static char* getCIDFontEncoding(char *family, char *fontdbname) {
    SEXP fontnames;
    int i, nfonts;
    char* result = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(fontdbname);
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i=0; i<nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    /* 3 means 'encoding' element */
	    result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i), 3), 0));
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font encoding not found in font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Get Encoding name from CID font in font database
 */
static char* getCIDFontPDFResource(char *family) {
    SEXP fontnames;
    int i, nfonts;
    char* result = NULL;
    int found = 0;
    SEXP fontdb = getFontDB(PDFFonts);
    PROTECT(fontnames = getAttrib(fontdb, R_NamesSymbol));
    nfonts = LENGTH(fontdb);
    for (i=0; i<nfonts && !found; i++) {
	char* fontFamily = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fontnames, i));
	if (strcmp(family, fontFamily) == 0) {
	    found = 1;
	    /* 4 means 'pdfresource' element */
	    result = CHAR(STRING_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(VECTOR_ELT(fontdb, i), 4), 0));
	}
    }
    if (!found)
	warning(_("font encoding not found in font database"));
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Add a graphics engine font family/encoding to the list of loaded fonts ...
 *
 * ... and return the new font
 */
static cidfontfamily addLoadedCIDFont(cidfontfamily font, Rboolean isPDF)
{
    cidfontlist newfont = makeCIDFontList();
    if (!newfont) {
	freeCIDFontFamily(font);
	font = NULL;
    } else {
	cidfontlist fontlist;
	if (isPDF)
	    fontlist = PDFloadedCIDFonts;
	else
	    fontlist = loadedCIDFonts;
	newfont->cidfamily = font;
	if (!fontlist) {
	    if (isPDF)
		PDFloadedCIDFonts = newfont;
	    else
		loadedCIDFonts = newfont;
	} else {
	    while (fontlist->next)
		fontlist = fontlist->next;
	    fontlist->next = newfont;
	}
    }
    return font;
}
static type1fontfamily addLoadedFont(type1fontfamily font,
				     Rboolean isPDF)
{
    type1fontlist newfont = makeFontList();
    if (!newfont) {
	freeFontFamily(font);
	font = NULL;
    } else {
	type1fontlist fontlist;
	if (isPDF)
	    fontlist = PDFloadedFonts;
	else
	    fontlist = loadedFonts;
	newfont->family = font;
	if (!fontlist) {
	    if (isPDF)
		PDFloadedFonts = newfont;
	    else
		loadedFonts = newfont;
	} else {
	    while (fontlist->next)
		fontlist = fontlist->next;
	    fontlist->next = newfont;
	}
    }
    return font;
}

/*
 * Add a font from a graphics engine font family name
 */
static cidfontfamily addCIDFont(char *name, Rboolean isPDF)
{
    cidfontfamily fontfamily = makeCIDFontFamily();
    char *fontdbname;
    if (isPDF)
	fontdbname = PDFFonts;
    else
	fontdbname = PostScriptFonts;
    if (fontfamily) {
	int i;
	char *cmap = getFontCMap(name, fontdbname);
	if (!cmap) {
	    freeCIDFontFamily(fontfamily);
	    fontfamily = NULL;
	} else {
	    /*
	     * Set the name of the font
	     */
	    safestrcpy(fontfamily->fxname, name, 50);
	    /*
	     * Get the font CMap
	     */
	    safestrcpy(fontfamily->cmap, cmap, 50);
	    /*
	     * Get the font Encoding (name)
	     *
	     * If we have got here then we know there is a
	     * match in the font database because we already
	     * have the CMap => don't need to check for failure
	     */
	    safestrcpy(fontfamily->encoding,
		       getCIDFontEncoding(name, fontdbname), 50);
	    /*
	     * Load font info
	     */
	    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		fontfamily->cidfonts[i] = makeCIDFont();
		/*
		 * Use name from R object font database.
		 */
		safestrcpy(fontfamily->cidfonts[i]->name,
			   getFontName(name, fontdbname), 50);
	    }
	    /*
	     * Load the (Type 1!) symbol font
	     *
	     * Gratuitous loop of length 1 so "break" jumps to end of loop
	     */
	    for (i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
	        type1fontinfo font = makeType1Font();
		char *afmpath = fontMetricsFileName(name, 4, fontdbname);
		if (!font) {
		    freeCIDFontFamily(fontfamily);
		    fontfamily = NULL;
		    break;
		}
		if (!afmpath) {
		    freeCIDFontFamily(fontfamily);
		    fontfamily = NULL;
		    break;
		}
		fontfamily->symfont = font;
		if (!PostScriptLoadFontMetrics(afmpath,
					       &(fontfamily->symfont->metrics),
					       fontfamily->symfont->name,
					       fontfamily->symfont->charnames,
					       /*
						* Reencode all but
						* symbol face
						*/
					       NULL, 0)) {
		    warning(_("cannot load afm file '%s'"), afmpath);
		    freeCIDFontFamily(fontfamily);
		    fontfamily = NULL;
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    /*
	     * Add font
	     */
	    if (fontfamily)
		fontfamily = addLoadedCIDFont(fontfamily, isPDF);
	}
    } else
	fontfamily = NULL;
#ifdef DEBUG_PS
    Rprintf("%d fontfamily =  %s\n", __LINE__, (fontfamily) ? "set" : "null");
    Rprintf("%d addCIDFont = %s\n", __LINE__, fontfamily->fxname);
#endif
    return fontfamily;
}

static type1fontfamily addFont(char *name, Rboolean isPDF,
			       encodinglist deviceEncodings)
{
    type1fontfamily fontfamily = makeFontFamily();
    char *fontdbname;
    if (isPDF)
	fontdbname = PDFFonts;
    else
	fontdbname = PostScriptFonts;
    if (fontfamily) {
	int i;
	encodinginfo encoding;
	char *encpath = getFontEncoding(name, fontdbname);
	if (!encpath) {
	    freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
	    fontfamily = NULL;
	} else {
	    /*
	     * Set the name of the font
	     */
	    safestrcpy(fontfamily->fxname, name, 50);
	    /*
	     * Find or add encoding
	     */
	    if (!(encoding = findEncoding(encpath, deviceEncodings)))
		encoding = addEncoding(encpath, isPDF);
	    if (!encoding) {
		freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
		fontfamily = NULL;
	    } else {
		/*
		 * Load font info
		 */
		fontfamily->encoding = encoding;
		for(i = 0; i < 5 ; i++) {
		    type1fontinfo font = makeType1Font();
		    char *afmpath = fontMetricsFileName(name, i, fontdbname);
		    if (!font) {
			freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
			fontfamily = NULL;
			break;
		    }
		    if (!afmpath) {
			freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
			fontfamily = NULL;
			break;
		    }
		    fontfamily->fonts[i] = font;
		    if (!PostScriptLoadFontMetrics(afmpath,
						   &(fontfamily->fonts[i]->metrics),
						   fontfamily->fonts[i]->name,
						   fontfamily->fonts[i]->charnames,
						   /*
						    * Reencode all but
						    * symbol face
						    */
						   encoding->encnames,
						   (i < 4)?1:0)) {
			warning(_("cannot load afm file '%s'"), afmpath);
			freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
			fontfamily = NULL;
			break;
		    }
		}
		/*
		 * Add font
		 */
		if (fontfamily)
		    fontfamily = addLoadedFont(fontfamily, isPDF);
	    }
	}
    } else
	fontfamily = NULL;
    return fontfamily;
}

/*
 * Add a default font family/encoding to the list of loaded fonts ...
 *
 * ... using a set of AFM paths ...
 *
 * ... and return the new font
 */

static type1fontfamily addDefaultFontFromAFMs(char *encpath, char **afmpaths,
					      Rboolean isPDF,
					      encodinglist deviceEncodings)
{
    encodinginfo encoding;
    type1fontfamily fontfamily = makeFontFamily();
    if (fontfamily) {
	int i;
	if (!(encoding = findEncoding(encpath, deviceEncodings)))
	    encoding = addEncoding(encpath, isPDF);
	if (!encoding) {
	    freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
	    fontfamily = NULL;
	} else {
	    /*
	     * This is the device default font, so set the
	     * graphics engine font family name to ""
	     */
	    fontfamily->fxname[0] ='\0';
	    /*
	     * Load font info
	     */
	    fontfamily->encoding = encoding;
	    for(i = 0; i < 5 ; i++) {
		type1fontinfo font = makeType1Font();
		if (!font) {
		    freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
		    fontfamily = NULL;
		    break;
		}
		fontfamily->fonts[i] = font;
		if (!PostScriptLoadFontMetrics(afmpaths[i],
					       &(fontfamily->fonts[i]->metrics),
					       fontfamily->fonts[i]->name,
					       fontfamily->fonts[i]->charnames,
					       /*
						* Reencode all but
						* symbol face
						*/
					       encoding->encnames,
					       (i < 4)?1:0)) {
		    warning(_("cannot load afm file '%s'"), afmpaths[i]);
		    freeFontFamily(fontfamily);
		    fontfamily = NULL;
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    /*
	     * Add font
	     */
	    if (fontfamily)
		fontfamily = addLoadedFont(fontfamily, isPDF);
	}
    } else
	fontfamily = NULL;
    return fontfamily;
}

/*
 * Add a graphics engine font family/encoding to a list of device fonts ...
 *
 * ... and return the new font list
 */
static cidfontlist addDeviceCIDFont(cidfontfamily font,
				    cidfontlist devFonts,
				    int *index)
{
    cidfontlist newfont = makeCIDFontList();
    *index = 0;
    if (!newfont) {
	devFonts = NULL;
    } else {
	cidfontlist fontlist = devFonts;
	newfont->cidfamily = font;
	*index = 1;
	if (!devFonts) {
	    devFonts = newfont;
	} else {
	    while (fontlist->next) {
		fontlist = fontlist->next;
		*index = *index + 1;
	    }
	    fontlist->next = newfont;
	}
    }
    return devFonts;
}
static type1fontlist addDeviceFont(type1fontfamily font,
				   type1fontlist devFonts,
				   int *index)
{
    type1fontlist newfont = makeFontList();
    *index = 0;
    if (!newfont) {
	devFonts = NULL;
    } else {
	type1fontlist fontlist = devFonts;
	newfont->family = font;
	*index = 1;
	if (!devFonts) {
	    devFonts = newfont;
	} else {
	    while (fontlist->next) {
		fontlist = fontlist->next;
		*index = *index + 1;
	    }
	    fontlist->next = newfont;
	}
    }
    return devFonts;
}

/*
***********************************************************
*/

/* Part 2.  Device Driver State. */

typedef struct {
    char filename[PATH_MAX];
    int open_type;

    char papername[64];	/* paper name */
    int paperwidth;	/* paper width in big points (1/72 in) */
    int paperheight;	/* paper height in big points */
    Rboolean landscape;	/* landscape mode */
    int pageno;		/* page number */
    int fileno;		/* file number */

    int maxpointsize;

    double width;	/* plot width in inches */
    double height;	/* plot height in inches */
    double pagewidth;	/* page width in inches */
    double pageheight;	/* page height in inches */
    Rboolean pagecentre;/* centre image on page? */
    Rboolean printit;	/* print page at close? */
    char command[PATH_MAX];
    char title[1024];

    FILE *psfp;		/* output file */

    Rboolean onefile;	/* EPSF header etc*/
    Rboolean paperspecial;	/* suppress %%Orientation */

    /* This group of variables track the current device status.
     * They should only be set by routines that emit PostScript code. */
    struct {
	double lwd;		 /* line width */
	int lty;		 /* line type */
	R_GE_lineend lend;
	R_GE_linejoin ljoin;
	double lmitre;
	int font;
	int cidfont;
	int fontsize;	         /* font size in points */
	rcolor col;		 /* color */
	rcolor fill;	         /* fill color */
    } current;

    /*
     * Fonts and encodings used on the device
     */
    type1fontlist fonts;
    cidfontlist   cidfonts;
    encodinglist  encodings;
    /*
     * These next two just record the default device font
     */
    type1fontfamily defaultFont;
    cidfontfamily   defaultCIDFont;
}
PostScriptDesc;

/*  Part 3.  Graphics Support Code.  */

static const char * const TypeFaceDef[] = { "R", "B", "I", "BI", "S" };

static void specialCaseCM(FILE *fp, type1fontfamily family, int familynum)
{
	fprintf(fp, "%% begin encoding\n");
	fprintf(fp, "/SymbolEncoding [\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /space /exclam /universal /numbersign /existential /percent /ampersand /suchthat\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /parenleft /parenright /asteriskmath /plus /comma /minus /period /slash\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /congruent /Alpha /Beta /Chi /Delta /Epsilon /Phi /Gamma\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /Eta /Iota /theta1 /Kappa /Lambda /Mu /Nu /Omicron\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /Pi /Theta /Rho /Sigma /Tau /Upsilon /sigma1 /Omega\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /Xi /Psi /Zeta /bracketleft /therefore /bracketright /perpendicular /underscore\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /radicalex /alpha /beta /chi /delta /epsilon /phi /gamma\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /eta /iota /phi1 /kappa /lambda /mu /nu /omicron\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /pi /theta /rho /sigma /tau /upsilon /omega1 /omega\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /xi /psi /zeta /braceleft /bar /braceright /similar /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /Euro /Upsilon1 /minute /lessequal /fraction /infinity /florin /club\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /diamond /heart /spade /arrowboth /arrowleft /arrowup /arrowright /arrowdown\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /degree /plusminus /second /greaterequal /multiply /proportional /partialdiff /bullet\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /divide /notequal /equivalence /approxequal /ellipsis /arrowvertex /arrowhorizex /carriagereturn\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /aleph /Ifraktur /Rfraktur /weierstrass /circlemultiply /circleplus /emptyset /intersection\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /union /propersuperset /reflexsuperset /notsubset /propersubset /reflexsubset /element /notelement\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /angle /gradient /registerserif /copyrightserif /trademarkserif /product /radical /dotmath\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /logicalnot /logicaland /logicalor /arrowdblboth /arrowdblleft /arrowdblup /arrowdblright /arrowdbldown\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /lozenge /angleleft /registersans /copyrightsans /trademarksans /summation /parenlefttp /parenleftex\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /parenleftbt /bracketlefttp /bracketleftex /bracketleftbt /bracelefttp /braceleftmid /braceleftbt /braceex\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /.notdef /angleright /integral /integraltp /integralex /integralbt /parenrighttp /parenrightex\n");
	fprintf(fp, " /parenrightbt /bracketrighttp /bracketrightex /bracketrightbt /bracerighttp /bracerightmid /bracerightbt /.notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "] def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "%% end encoding\n");
	fprintf(fp, "/mergefonts\n");
	fprintf(fp, "{ /targetencoding exch def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  /fontarray exch def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  fontarray 0 get dup maxlength dict begin\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  { 1 index /FID ne { def } { pop pop } ifelse } forall\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  %% Create a new dictionary\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  /CharStrings 256 dict def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  %% Add a definition of .notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  fontarray\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  { /CharStrings get dup /.notdef known\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    { /.notdef get /result exch def exit }\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    { pop } ifelse\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  } forall\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  CharStrings /.notdef result put\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  %% Add in the other definitions\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  targetencoding\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  { /code exch def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    %% Check that it is not a .notdef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    code /.notdef eq\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    { /.notdef }\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    { fontarray\n");
	fprintf(fp, "      { /CharStrings get dup code known\n");
	fprintf(fp, "        { code get /result exch def /found true def exit }\n");
	fprintf(fp, "        { pop /found false def } ifelse\n");
	fprintf(fp, "      } forall\n");
	fprintf(fp, "      %% define character if it was found and accumulate encoding\n");
	fprintf(fp, "      found { CharStrings code result put code } { /.notdef } ifelse\n");
	fprintf(fp, "    } ifelse\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  } forall\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  %% grab new encoding off of stack\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  256 array astore /Encoding exch def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  %% Undefine some local variables\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict /fontarray undef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict /targetencoding undef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict /code undef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict /result undef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict /found undef\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  %% Leave new font on the stack\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  end\n");
	fprintf(fp, "} def\n");
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
		family->fonts[0]->name);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font CMSY10\n");
	fprintf(fp, "[ /%s findfont /CMSY10 findfont ] %s mergefonts\n",
		family->fonts[0]->name, family->encoding->name);
	fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		(familynum - 1)*5 + 1);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
		family->fonts[1]->name);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font CMBSY10\n");
	fprintf(fp, "[ /%s findfont /CMBSY10 findfont ] %s mergefonts\n",
		family->fonts[1]->name, family->encoding->name);
	fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		(familynum - 1)*5 + 2);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
		family->fonts[2]->name);
	fprintf(fp, "[ /%s findfont /CMSY10 findfont ] %s mergefonts\n",
		family->fonts[2]->name, family->encoding->name);
	fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		(familynum - 1)*5 + 3);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
		family->fonts[3]->name);
	fprintf(fp, "[ /%s findfont /CMBSY10 findfont ] %s mergefonts\n",
		family->fonts[3]->name, family->encoding->name);
	fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		(familynum - 1)*5 + 4);
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font CMMI10\n");
	fprintf(fp, "[ /CMR10 findfont /CMSY10 findfont /CMMI10 findfont ] SymbolEncoding mergefonts\n");
	fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		(familynum - 1)*5 + 5);
}

static void PSEncodeFonts(FILE *fp, PostScriptDesc *pd)
{
    type1fontlist fonts = pd->fonts;
    int familynum = 1;
    int haveWrittenDefaultEnc = 0;
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    cidfontlist cidfonts = pd->cidfonts;
    int cidfamilynum = 1;
#endif

    while (fonts) {
	int dontcare;
	/*
	 * Has the encoding already been used on the device?
	 */
	encodinginfo encoding =
	    findDeviceEncoding(fonts->family->encoding->encpath,
			       pd->encodings, &dontcare);
	/*
	 * If we've added the encoding to the device then it has been
	 * written to file ...
	 *
	 * ... UNLESS this is the default encoding for the device, in
	 * which case it has been added, but not written to file.
	 *
	 * Use haveWrittenDefaultEnc to make sure we only do it once.
	 */
	if (!encoding ||
	    (encoding == pd->encodings->encoding && !haveWrittenDefaultEnc)) {
	    /*
	     * Don't need to add default encoding again.
	     */
	    if (encoding != pd->encodings->encoding) {
		/*
		 * The encoding should have been loaded when the
		 * font was loaded
		 */
		encoding = findEncoding(fonts->family->encoding->encpath,
					pd->encodings);
		if (!encoding)
		    warning(_("Corrupt loaded encodings;  encoding not recorded"));
		else {
		    /*
		     * Record encoding on device's list of encodings so
		     * don't write same encoding more than once
		     */
		    encodinglist enclist = addDeviceEncoding(encoding,
							     pd->encodings);
		    if (enclist)
			pd->encodings = enclist;
		    else
			warning(_("Failed to record device encoding"));
		}
	    } else {
		/*
		 * Make sure we only write default encoding once.
		 */
		haveWrittenDefaultEnc = 1;
	    }
	    /*
	     * Include encoding unless it is ISOLatin1Encoding,
	     * which is predefined
	     */
	    if (strcmp(fonts->family->encoding->name, "ISOLatin1Encoding"))
		fprintf(fp, "%% begin encoding\n%s def\n%% end encoding\n",
			fonts->family->encoding->enccode);
	}
	if(strcmp(fonts->family->fonts[4]->name,
		  "CMSY10 CMBSY10 CMMI10") == 0) {
	    /* use different ps fragment for CM fonts */
	    specialCaseCM(fp, fonts->family, familynum);
	} else {
	    int i;
	    for (i = 0; i < 4 ; i++) {
		fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
			fonts->family->fonts[i]->name);
		fprintf(fp, "/%s findfont\n",
			fonts->family->fonts[i]->name);
		fprintf(fp, "dup length dict begin\n");
		fprintf(fp, "  {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall\n");
		fprintf(fp, "  /Encoding %s def\n",
			fonts->family->encoding->name);
		fprintf(fp, "  currentdict\n");
		fprintf(fp, "  end\n");
		fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
			(familynum - 1)*5 + i + 1);
	    }
	    fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
		    fonts->family->fonts[4]->name);
	    fprintf(fp, "/%s findfont\n",
		    fonts->family->fonts[4]->name);
	    fprintf(fp, "dup length dict begin\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "  {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "  currentdict\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "  end\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		    (familynum - 1)*5 + 5);
	}

	familynum++;
	fonts = fonts->next;
    }
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    while(cidfonts) {
	int i;
	char *name = cidfonts->cidfamily->cidfonts[0]->name;
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: CID fake Bold font %s\n", name);
	fprintf(fp, "/%s-Bold\n/%s /CIDFont findresource\n", name, name);
	fprintf(fp, CIDBoldFontStr1);
	fprintf(fp, CIDBoldFontStr2);
	for (i = 0; i < 4 ; i++) {
	    char *fmt = NULL /* -Wall */;
	    fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: CID font %s-%s\n", name,
		    cidfonts->cidfamily->cmap);
	    switch(i) {
	    case 0: fmt = "/%s-%s findfont\n";
		break;
	    case 1: fmt = "/%s-Bold-%s findfont\n";
		break;
	    case 2: fmt = "/%s-%s findfont [1 0 .3 1 0 0] makefont\n";
		break;
	    case 3: fmt = "/%s-Bold-%s findfont [1 0 .3 1 0 0] makefont\n";
		break;
	    default:
		break;
	    }
	    fprintf(fp, fmt, name, cidfonts->cidfamily->cmap);
	    fprintf(fp, "dup length dict begin\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "  {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "  currentdict\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "  end\n");
	    fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		    (familynum - 1)*5 + (cidfamilynum - 1)*5 + i + 1);
	}
	/*
	 * Symbol font
	 */
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%IncludeResource: font %s\n",
		cidfonts->cidfamily->symfont->name);
	fprintf(fp, "/%s findfont\n",
		cidfonts->cidfamily->symfont->name);
	fprintf(fp, "dup length dict begin\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  currentdict\n");
	fprintf(fp, "  end\n");
	fprintf(fp, "/Font%d exch definefont pop\n",
		(familynum - 1)*5 + (cidfamilynum - 1)*5 + 5);
	cidfamilynum++;
	cidfonts = cidfonts->next;
    }
#endif /* SUPPORT_MBCS */
}

/* The variables "paperwidth" and "paperheight" give the dimensions */
/* of the (unrotated) printer page in points whereas the graphics */
/* region box is for the rotated page. */

static void PSFileHeader(FILE *fp,
			 char *papername, double paperwidth,
			 double paperheight, Rboolean landscape,
			 int EPSFheader, Rboolean paperspecial,
			 double left, double bottom, double right, double top,
			 char *title,
			 PostScriptDesc *pd)
{
    int i;
    SEXP prolog;
    type1fontlist fonts = pd->fonts;
    int firstfont = 1;

    if(EPSFheader)
	fprintf(fp, "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n");
    else
	fprintf(fp, "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n");
    /*
     * DocumentNeededResources names all fonts
     */
    while (fonts) {
	for (i=0; i<5; i++)
	    if (firstfont) {
		fprintf(fp, "%%%%DocumentNeededResources: font %s\n",
			fonts->family->fonts[0]->name);
		firstfont = 0;
	    } else
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%+ font %s\n", fonts->family->fonts[i]->name);
	fonts = fonts->next;
    }

    if(!EPSFheader)
	fprintf(fp, "%%%%DocumentMedia: %s %.0f %.0f 0 () ()\n",
		papername, paperwidth, paperheight);
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Title: %s\n", title);
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Creator: R Software\n");
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Pages: (atend)\n");
    if (!EPSFheader && !paperspecial) { /* gs gets confused by this */
	if (landscape)
	    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Orientation: Landscape\n");
	else
	    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Orientation: Portrait\n");
    }
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%BoundingBox: %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f\n",
	    left, bottom, right, top);
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%EndComments\n");
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%BeginProlog\n");
    if (landscape)
	fprintf(fp, "/bp  { gs %.2f 0 translate 90 rotate gs } def\n", paperwidth);
    else
	fprintf(fp, "/bp  { gs gs } def\n");
    prolog = findVar(install(".ps.prolog"), R_GlobalEnv);
    if(prolog == R_UnboundValue) {
	/* if no object is visible, look in the graphics namespace */
	SEXP graphicsNS = R_FindNamespace(ScalarString(mkChar("grDevices")));
	prolog = findVar(install(".ps.prolog"), graphicsNS);
	/* under lazy loading this will be a promise on first use */
	if(TYPEOF(prolog) == PROMSXP) {
	    PROTECT(prolog);
	    prolog = eval(prolog, graphicsNS);
	    UNPROTECT(1);
	}
    }
    if(!isString(prolog))
	error(_("Object .ps.prolog is not a character vector"));
    fprintf(fp, "%% begin .ps.prolog\n");
    for (i = 0; i < length(prolog); i++)
	fprintf(fp, "%s\n", CHAR(STRING_ELT(prolog, i)));
    fprintf(fp, "%% end   .ps.prolog\n");
    PSEncodeFonts(fp, pd);

    fprintf(fp, "%%%%EndProlog\n");
}

static void PostScriptFileTrailer(FILE *fp, int pageno)
{
    fprintf(fp, "ep\n");
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Trailer\n");
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Pages: %d\n", pageno);
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%EOF\n");
}

static void PostScriptStartPage(FILE *fp, int pageno)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%%%%Page: %d %d\n", pageno, pageno);
    fprintf(fp, "bp\n");
}

static void PostScriptEndPage(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(fp, "ep\n");
}

static void PostScriptSetClipRect(FILE *fp, double x0, double x1,
				  double y0, double y1)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f cl\n", x0, y0, x1, y1);
}

static void PostScriptSetLineWidth(FILE *fp, double linewidth)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f setlinewidth\n", linewidth);
}

static void PostScriptSetLineEnd(FILE *fp, R_GE_lineend lend)
{
    int lineend = 1; /* -Wall */
    switch (lend) {
    case GE_ROUND_CAP:
	lineend = 1;
	break;
    case GE_BUTT_CAP:
	lineend = 0;
	break;
    case GE_SQUARE_CAP:
	lineend = 2;
	break;
    default:
	error(_("Invalid line end"));
    }
    fprintf(fp, "%1d setlinecap\n", lineend);
}

static void PostScriptSetLineJoin(FILE *fp, R_GE_linejoin ljoin)
{
    int linejoin = 1; /* -Wall */
    switch (ljoin) {
    case GE_ROUND_JOIN:
	linejoin = 1;
	break;
    case GE_MITRE_JOIN:
	linejoin = 0;
	break;
    case GE_BEVEL_JOIN:
	linejoin = 2;
	break;
    default:
	error(_("Invalid line join"));
    }
    fprintf(fp, "%1d setlinejoin\n", linejoin);
}

static void PostScriptSetLineMitre(FILE *fp, double linemitre)
{
    if (linemitre < 1)
	error(_("Invalid line mitre"));
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f setmiterlimit\n", linemitre);
}

static void PostScriptSetFont(FILE *fp, int fontnum, double size)
{
    fprintf(fp, "/ps %.0f def /Font%d findfont %.0f s\n", size, fontnum, size);
}

static void
PostScriptSetLineTexture(FILE *fp, char *dashlist, int nlty, double lwd)
{
/* use same macro for Postscript and PDF */
#define PP_SetLineTexture(_CMD_)						\
    double dash;								\
    int i;									\
    fprintf(fp,"[");								\
    for (i = 0; i < nlty; i++) {						\
	dash = (lwd >= 1 ? lwd: 1) *						\
	    ((i % 2) ? dashlist[i] + 1						\
	     :((nlty == 1 && dashlist[i] == 1.) ? 1. : dashlist[i] - 1));	\
	if (dash < 0) dash = 0;							\
	fprintf(fp," %.2f", dash);						\
    }										\
    fprintf(fp,"] 0 %s\n", _CMD_)

    PP_SetLineTexture("setdash");
}


static void PostScriptMoveTo(FILE *fp, double x, double y)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f %.2f m\n", x, y);
}

static void PostScriptRLineTo(FILE *fp, double x0, double y0,
			      double x1, double y1)
{
    double x = rround(x1, 2) - rround(x0, 2),
	y = rround(y1, 2) - rround(y0, 2);
    /* Warning: some machines seem to compute these differently from
       others, and we do want to diff the output.  x and y should be
       above around 0.01 or negligible (1e-14), and it is the latter case
       we are watching out for here.
    */

    if(fabs(x) < 0.005) fprintf(fp, "0"); else fprintf(fp, "%.2f", x);
    if(fabs(y) < 0.005) fprintf(fp, " 0"); else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", y);
    fprintf(fp, " l\n");
}

static void PostScriptStartPath(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(fp, "np\n");
}

static void PostScriptEndPath(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(fp, "o\n");
}

static void PostScriptRectangle(FILE *fp, double x0, double y0,
				double x1, double y1)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f r ", x0, y0, x1-x0, y1-y0);
}

static void PostScriptCircle(FILE *fp, double x, double y, double r)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f %.2f %.2f c ", x, y, r);
}

static void PostScriptWriteString(FILE *fp, char *str)
{
    fputc('(', fp);
    for ( ; *str; str++)
	switch(*str) {
	case '\n':
	    fprintf(fp, "\\n");
	    break;
	case '\\':
	    fprintf(fp, "\\\\");
	    break;
	case '-':
#ifdef USE_HYPHEN
	    if (!isdigit((int)str[1]))
		fputc(PS_hyphen, fp);
	    else
#endif
		fputc(*str, fp);
	    break;
	case '(':
	case ')':
	    fprintf(fp, "\\%c", *str);
	    break;
	default:
	    fputc(*str, fp);
	    break;
	}
    fputc(')', fp);
}

static void PostScriptText(FILE *fp, double x, double y,
			   char *str, double xc, double yc, double rot)
{
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f %.2f ", x, y);
    PostScriptWriteString(fp, str);

    if(xc == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if(xc == 0.5) fprintf(fp, " .5");
    else if(xc == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", xc);

    if(yc == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if(yc == 0.5) fprintf(fp, " .5");
    else if(yc == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", yc);

    if(rot == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if(rot == 90) fprintf(fp, " 90");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", rot);

    fprintf(fp, " t\n");
}

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
static void PostScriptHexText(FILE *fp, double x, double y,
			      char *str, int strlen,
			      double xc, double yc, double rot)
{
    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)str;
    int i;

    fprintf(fp, "%.2f %.2f ", x, y);
    fprintf(fp, "<");
    for(i = 0; i < strlen; i++) fprintf(fp, "%02x", *p++);
    fprintf(fp, ">");

    if(xc == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if(xc == 0.5) fprintf(fp, " .5");
    else if(xc == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", xc);

    if(yc == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if(yc == 0.5) fprintf(fp, " .5");
    else if(yc == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", yc);

    if(rot == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if(rot == 90) fprintf(fp, " 90");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.2f", rot);

    fprintf(fp, " t\n");
}
#endif

/* Device Driver Actions */

static void PS_Activate(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Circle(double x, double y, double r,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Clip(double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Close(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Deactivate(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Hold(NewDevDesc *dd);
static Rboolean PS_Locator(double *x, double *y, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_MetricInfo(int c,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  double* ascent, double* descent,
			  double* width, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Mode(int mode, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_NewPage(R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		       NewDevDesc *dd);
static Rboolean PS_Open(NewDevDesc*, PostScriptDesc*);
static void PS_Polygon(int n, double *x, double *y,
		       R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		       NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Polyline(int n, double *x, double *y,
			R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Rect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Size(double *left, double *right,
		     double *bottom, double *top,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static double PS_StrWidth(char *str,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PS_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		    double rot, double hadj,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd);

/* PostScript Support (formerly in PostScript.c) */

static void PostScriptSetCol(FILE *fp, double r, double g, double b)
{
    if(r == 0) fprintf(fp, "0");
    else if (r == 1) fprintf(fp, "1");
    else fprintf(fp, "%.4f", r);
    if(g == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if (g == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.4f", g);
    if(b == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if (b == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.4f", b);
    fprintf(fp," rgb\n");
}

static void PostScriptSetFill(FILE *fp, double r, double g, double b)
{
    fprintf(fp,"/bg { ");
    if(r == 0) fprintf(fp, "0");
    else if (r == 1) fprintf(fp, "1");
    else fprintf(fp, "%.4f", r);
    if(g == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if (g == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.4f", g);
    if(b == 0) fprintf(fp, " 0");
    else if (b == 1) fprintf(fp, " 1");
    else fprintf(fp, " %.4f", b);
    fprintf(fp," } def\n");
}



/* Driver Support Routines */

static void SetColor(int, NewDevDesc*);
static void SetFill(int, NewDevDesc*);
static void SetFont(int, int, NewDevDesc*);
static void SetLineStyle(R_GE_gcontext*, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void Invalidate(NewDevDesc*);


Rboolean
PSDeviceDriver(NewDevDesc *dd, char *file, char *paper, char *family,
	       char **afmpaths, char *encoding,
	       char *bg, char *fg,
	       double width, double height,
	       Rboolean horizontal, double ps,
	       Rboolean onefile, Rboolean pagecentre,
	       Rboolean printit, char *cmd, char *title,
	       SEXP fonts)
{
    /* If we need to bail out with some sort of "error"
       then we must free(dd) */

    double xoff, yoff, pointsize;
    rcolor setbg, setfg;
    encodinginfo enc;
    encodinglist enclist;
    type1fontfamily font;
    cidfontfamily cidfont = NULL;
    int gotFont;

    PostScriptDesc *pd;

    /* Check and extract the device parameters */

    if(strlen(file) > PATH_MAX - 1) {
	free(dd);
	error(_("filename too long in postscript"));
    }

    /* allocate new postscript device description */
    if (!(pd = (PostScriptDesc *) malloc(sizeof(PostScriptDesc))))
	return FALSE;

    /* from here on, if need to bail out with "error", must also */
    /* free(pd) */

    /* initialise postscript device description */
    strcpy(pd->filename, file);
    strcpy(pd->papername, paper);
    strncpy(pd->title, title, 1024);

    if(strlen(encoding) > PATH_MAX - 1) {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("encoding path is too long"));
    }
    /*
     * Load the default encoding AS THE FIRST ENCODING FOR THIS DEVICE.
     *
     * encpath MUST NOT BE "default"
     */
    pd->encodings = NULL;
    if (!(enc = findEncoding(encoding, pd->encodings)))
	enc = addEncoding(encoding, 0);
    if (enc && (enclist = addDeviceEncoding(enc,
					    pd->encodings))) {
	pd->encodings = enclist;
    } else {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("failed to load encoding"));
    }

    /*****************************
     * Load fonts
     *****************************/
    pd->fonts = NULL;
    pd->cidfonts = NULL;

    gotFont = 0;
    /*
     * If user specified afms then assume the font hasn't been loaded
     * Could lead to redundant extra loading of a font, but not often(?)
     */
    if (!strcmp(family, "User")) {
	font = addDefaultFontFromAFMs(encoding, afmpaths, 0, pd->encodings);
    } else {
	/*
	 * Otherwise, family is a device-independent font family.
	 * One of the elements of postscriptFonts().
	 * NOTE this is the first font loaded on this device!
	 */
	/*
	 * Check first whether this font has been loaded
	 * in this R session
	 */
	font = findLoadedFont(family, encoding, FALSE);
	cidfont = findLoadedCIDFont(family, FALSE);
	if (!(font || cidfont)) {
	    /*
	     * If the font has not been loaded yet, load it.
	     *
	     * The family SHOULD be in the font database to get this far.
	     * (checked at R level in postscript() in postscript.R)
	     */
	    if (isType1Font(family, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
		font = addFont(family, FALSE, pd->encodings);
	    } else if (isCIDFont(family, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
		cidfont = addCIDFont(family, FALSE);
	    } else {
		/*
		 * Should NOT get here.
		 */
		error(_("Invalid font type"));
	    }
	}
    }
    if (font || cidfont) {
	/*
	 * At this point the font is loaded, so add it to the
	 * device's list of fonts.
	 *
	 * If the user specified a vector of AFMs, it is a Type 1 font
	 */
	if (!strcmp(family, "User") ||
	    isType1Font(family, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
	    pd->fonts = addDeviceFont(font, pd->fonts, &gotFont);
	    pd->defaultFont = pd->fonts->family;
	    pd->defaultCIDFont = NULL;
	} else /* (isCIDFont(family, PostScriptFonts)) */ {
	    pd->cidfonts = addDeviceCIDFont(cidfont, pd->cidfonts, &gotFont);
	    pd->defaultFont = NULL;
	    pd->defaultCIDFont = pd->cidfonts->cidfamily;
	}
    }
    if (!gotFont) {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("Failed to initialise default PostScript font"));
    }

    /*
     * Load the font names sent in via the fonts arg
     * NOTE that these are the font names specified at the
     * R-level, NOT the translated font names.
     */
    if (!isNull(fonts)) {
	int i, dontcare, gotFonts = 0, nfonts = LENGTH(fonts);
	type1fontlist fontlist;
	cidfontlist cidfontlist;
	for (i=0; i<nfonts; i++) {
	    int index, cidindex;
	    char *name = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fonts, i));
	    /*
	     * Check first whether this device is already
	     * using this font.
	     */
	    if (findDeviceFont(name, pd->fonts, &index) ||
		findDeviceCIDFont(name, pd->cidfonts, &cidindex))
		gotFonts++;
	    else {
		/*
		 * Check whether the font is loaded and, if not,
		 * load it.
		 */
		font = findLoadedFont(name, encoding, FALSE);
		cidfont = findLoadedCIDFont(name, FALSE);
		if (!(font || cidfont)) {
		    if (isType1Font(name, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
			font = addFont(name, FALSE, pd->encodings);
		    } else if (isCIDFont(name, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
			cidfont = addCIDFont(name, FALSE);
		    } else {
			/*
			 * Should NOT get here.
			 */
			error(_("Invalid font type"));
		    }
		}
		/*
		 * Once the font is loaded, add it to the device's
		 * list of fonts.
		 */
		if (font || cidfont) {
		    if (isType1Font(name, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
			if ((fontlist = addDeviceFont(font, pd->fonts,
						      &dontcare))) {
			    pd->fonts = fontlist;
			    gotFonts++;
			}
		    } else /* (isCIDFont(family, PostScriptFonts)) */ {
			if ((cidfontlist = addDeviceCIDFont(cidfont,
							    pd->cidfonts,
							    &dontcare))) {
			    pd->cidfonts = cidfontlist;
			    gotFonts++;
			}
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
	if (gotFonts < nfonts) {
	    freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	    freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	    pd->fonts = NULL;
	    pd->encodings = NULL;
	    free(dd);
	    free(pd);
	    error(_("Failed to initialise additional PostScript fonts"));
	}
    }
    /*****************************
     * END Load fonts
     *****************************/

    setbg = str2col(bg);
    setfg = str2col(fg);

    pd->width = width;
    pd->height = height;
    pd->landscape = horizontal;
    pointsize = floor(ps);
    if(R_TRANSPARENT(setbg) && R_TRANSPARENT(setfg)) {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("invalid foreground/background color (postscript)"));
    }
    pd->printit = printit;
    if(strlen(cmd) > PATH_MAX - 1) {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("'command' is too long"));
    }
    strcpy(pd->command, cmd);
    if (printit && strlen(cmd) == 0)
	error(_("postscript(print.it=TRUE) used with an empty print command"));
    strcpy(pd->command, cmd);


    /* Deal with paper and plot size and orientation */

    pd->paperspecial = FALSE;
    if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Default") ||
       !strcmp(pd->papername, "default")) {
	SEXP s = STRING_ELT(GetOption(install("papersize"), R_BaseEnv), 0);
	if(s != NA_STRING && strlen(CHAR(s)) > 0)
	    strcpy(pd->papername, CHAR(s));
	else strcpy(pd->papername, "a4");
    }
    if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "A4") ||
       !strcmp(pd->papername, "a4")) {
	pd->pagewidth  = 21.0 / 2.54;
	pd->pageheight = 29.7  /2.54;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Letter") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "letter")) {
	pd->pagewidth  =  8.5;
	pd->pageheight = 11.0;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Legal") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "legal")) {
	pd->pagewidth  =  8.5;
	pd->pageheight = 14.0;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Executive") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "executive")) {
	pd->pagewidth  =  7.25;
	pd->pageheight = 10.5;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "special")) {
	if(pd->landscape) {
	    pd->pagewidth  = height;
	    pd->pageheight =  width;
	} else {
	    pd->pagewidth  =  width;
	    pd->pageheight = height;
	}
	pd->paperspecial = TRUE;
    }
    else {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("invalid page type '%s' (postscript)"), pd->papername);
    }
    pd->pagecentre = pagecentre;
    pd->paperwidth = 72 * pd->pagewidth;
    pd->paperheight = 72 * pd->pageheight;
    pd->onefile = onefile;
    if(pd->landscape) {
	double tmp;
	tmp = pd->pagewidth;
	pd->pagewidth = pd->pageheight;
	pd->pageheight = tmp;
    }
    if(strcmp(pd->papername, "special"))
    {
	if(pd->width < 0.1 || pd->width > pd->pagewidth-0.5)
	    pd->width = pd->pagewidth-0.5;
	if(pd->height < 0.1 || pd->height > pd->pageheight-0.5)
	    pd->height = pd->pageheight-0.5;
    }
    if(pagecentre)
    {
	xoff = (pd->pagewidth - pd->width)/2.0;
	yoff = (pd->pageheight - pd->height)/2.0;
    } else {
	xoff = yoff = 0.0;
    }
    pd->maxpointsize = 72.0 * ((pd->pageheight > pd->pagewidth) ?
			       pd->pageheight : pd->pagewidth);
    pd->pageno = pd->fileno = 0;

    /* Base Pointsize */
    /* Nominal Character Sizes in Pixels */
    /* Only right for 12 point font. */
    /* Max pointsize suggested by Peter Dalgaard */

    if(pointsize < 6.0) pointsize = 6.0;
    if(pointsize > pd->maxpointsize) pointsize = pd->maxpointsize;
    dd->startps = pointsize;
    dd->startfont = 1;
    dd->startlty = 0;
    dd->startfill = setbg;
    dd->startcol = setfg;
    dd->startgamma = 1;

    /* Set graphics parameters that must be set by device driver. */
    /* Page dimensions in points. */

    dd->left = 72 * xoff;			/* left */
    dd->right = 72 * (xoff + pd->width);	/* right */
    dd->bottom = 72 * yoff;			/* bottom */
    dd->top = 72 * (yoff + pd->height);	/* top */

    dd->cra[0] = 0.9 * pointsize;
    dd->cra[1] = 1.2 * pointsize;

    /* Character Addressing Offsets */
    /* These offsets should center a single */
    /* plotting character over the plotting point. */
    /* Pure guesswork and eyeballing ... */

    dd->xCharOffset =  0.4900;
    dd->yCharOffset =  0.3333;
    dd->yLineBias = 0.2;

    /* Inches per Raster Unit */
    /* We use points (72 dots per inch) */

    dd->ipr[0] = 1.0/72.0;
    dd->ipr[1] = 1.0/72.0;
    /* GREset(.)  dd->gp.mkh = dd->gp.cra[0] * dd->gp.ipr[0]; */

    dd->canResizePlot = 0;
    dd->canChangeFont = 1;
    dd->canRotateText = 1;
    dd->canResizeText = 1;
    dd->canClip = 1;
    dd->canHAdj = 2;
    dd->canChangeGamma = FALSE;

    /*	Start the driver */

    if(!PS_Open(dd, pd)) {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->encodings = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	return FALSE;
    }

    dd->newDevStruct = 1;

    dd->open	      = PS_Open;
    dd->close      = PS_Close;
    dd->activate   = PS_Activate;
    dd->deactivate = PS_Deactivate;
    dd->size     = PS_Size;
    dd->newPage    = PS_NewPage;
    dd->clip	      = PS_Clip;
    dd->text	      = PS_Text;
    dd->strWidth   = PS_StrWidth;
    dd->metricInfo = PS_MetricInfo;
    dd->rect	      = PS_Rect;
    dd->circle     = PS_Circle;
    dd->line	      = PS_Line;
    dd->polygon    = PS_Polygon;
    dd->polyline   = PS_Polyline;
    dd->locator    = PS_Locator;
    dd->mode	      = PS_Mode;
    dd->hold	      = PS_Hold;

    dd->deviceSpecific = (void *) pd;
    dd->displayListOn = FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

static void SetColor(int color, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    if(color != pd->current.col) {
	PostScriptSetCol(pd->psfp,
			 R_RED(color)/255.0,
			 R_GREEN(color)/255.0,
			 R_BLUE(color)/255.0);
	pd->current.col = color;
    }
}

static void SetFill(int color, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    if(color != pd->current.fill) {
	PostScriptSetFill(pd->psfp,
			  R_RED(color)/255.0,
			  R_GREEN(color)/255.0,
			  R_BLUE(color)/255.0);
	pd->current.fill = color;
    }
}

/* Note that the line texture is scaled by the line width. */

static void SetLineStyle(R_GE_gcontext *gc, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    char dashlist[8];
    int i;
    int newlty = gc->lty;
    double newlwd = gc->lwd;
    R_GE_lineend newlend = gc->lend;
    R_GE_linejoin newljoin = gc->ljoin;
    double newlmitre = gc->lmitre;

    if (pd->current.lty != newlty || pd->current.lwd != newlwd) {
	pd->current.lwd = newlwd;
	pd->current.lty = newlty;
	PostScriptSetLineWidth(pd->psfp, newlwd * 0.75);
	/* process lty : */
	for(i = 0; i < 8 && newlty & 15 ; i++) {
	    dashlist[i] = newlty & 15;
	    newlty = newlty >> 4;
	}
	PostScriptSetLineTexture(pd->psfp, dashlist, i, newlwd * 0.75);
    }
    if (pd->current.lend != newlend) {
	pd->current.lend = newlend;
	PostScriptSetLineEnd(pd->psfp, newlend);
    }
    if (pd->current.ljoin != newljoin) {
	pd->current.ljoin = newljoin;
	PostScriptSetLineJoin(pd->psfp, newljoin);
    }
    if (pd->current.lmitre != newlmitre) {
	pd->current.lmitre = newlmitre;
	PostScriptSetLineMitre(pd->psfp, newlmitre);
    }
}

static void SetFont(int font, int size, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    if(size < 1 || size > pd->maxpointsize)
	size = 10;
    if (size != pd->current.fontsize || font != pd->current.font) {
	PostScriptSetFont(pd->psfp, font, size);
	pd->current.fontsize = size;
	pd->current.font = font;
    }
}

#ifdef Win32
/* exists, but does not work on GUI processes */
# undef HAVE_POPEN
#endif

static Rboolean PS_Open(NewDevDesc *dd, PostScriptDesc *pd)
{
    char buf[512];

    if (strlen(pd->filename) == 0) {
#ifndef HAVE_POPEN
	warning(_("printing via file = \"\" is not implemented in this version"));
	return FALSE;
#else
	if(strlen(pd->command) == 0) return FALSE;
        errno = 0;
	pd->psfp = R_popen(pd->command, "w");
	pd->open_type = 1;
        if (!pd->psfp || errno != 0) {
            warning(_("cannot open 'postscript' pipe to '%s'"), pd->command);
            return FALSE;
        }
#endif
    } else if (pd->filename[0] == '|') {
#ifndef HAVE_POPEN
	warning(_("file = \"|cmd\" is not implemented in this version"));
	return FALSE;
#else
	errno = 0;
	pd->psfp = R_popen(pd->filename + 1, "w");
	pd->open_type = 1;
	if (!pd->psfp || errno != 0) {
	    warning(_("cannot open 'postscript' pipe to '%s'"),
		    pd->filename + 1);
	    return FALSE;
	}
#endif
    } else {
	snprintf(buf, 512, pd->filename, pd->fileno + 1); /* file 1 to start */
	pd->psfp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "w");
	pd->open_type = 0;
    }
    if (!pd->psfp) {
	warning(_("cannot open 'postscript' file argument '%s'"), buf);
	return FALSE;
    }

    if(pd->landscape)
	PSFileHeader(pd->psfp,
		     pd->papername,
		     pd->paperwidth,
		     pd->paperheight,
		     pd->landscape,
		     !(pd->onefile),
		     pd->paperspecial,
		     dd->bottom,
		     dd->left,
		     dd->top,
		     dd->right,
		     pd->title,
		     pd);
    else
	PSFileHeader(pd->psfp,
		     pd->papername,
		     pd->paperwidth,
		     pd->paperheight,
		     pd->landscape,
		     !(pd->onefile),
		     pd->paperspecial,
		     dd->left,
		     dd->bottom,
		     dd->right,
		     dd->top,
		     pd->title,
		     pd);

    return TRUE;
}

/* The driver keeps track of the current values of colors, fonts and
   line parameters, to save emitting some PostScript. In some cases,
   the state becomes unknown, notably after changing the clipping and
   at the start of a new page, so we have the following routine to
   invalidate the saved values, which in turn causes the parameters to
   be set before usage. */

static void Invalidate(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    pd->current.font = -1;
    pd->current.fontsize = -1;
    pd->current.lwd = -1;
    pd->current.lty = -1;
    pd->current.lend = 0;
    pd->current.ljoin = 0;
    pd->current.lmitre = 0;
    pd->current.col = INVALID_COL;
    pd->current.fill = INVALID_COL;
}

static void PS_Clip(double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    PostScriptSetClipRect(pd->psfp, x0, x1, y0, y1);
    /* clipping does grestore so invalidate monitor variables */
    Invalidate(dd);
}

static void PS_Size(double *left, double *right,
		    double *bottom, double *top,
		    NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    *left = dd->left;
    *right = dd->right;
    *bottom = dd->bottom;
    *top = dd->top;
}

static void PostScriptClose(NewDevDesc *dd);

static void PS_NewPage(R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		       NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;


    if(pd->onefile) {
	if(++pd->pageno > 1) PostScriptEndPage(pd->psfp);
    } else if(pd->pageno > 0) {
	PostScriptClose(dd);
	pd->fileno++;
	PS_Open(dd, pd);
	pd->pageno = 1;
    } else pd->pageno++;
    PostScriptStartPage(pd->psfp, pd->pageno);
    Invalidate(dd);

    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) {
	/*
	 * Override some gc settings
	 */
	gc->col = R_TRANWHITE;
	PS_Rect(0, 0, 72.0 * pd->pagewidth, 72.0 * pd->pageheight, gc, dd);
    }
}

#ifdef Win32
int   Rf_runcmd(char *cmd, int wait, int visible, char *finput);
#endif
static void PostScriptClose(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    char buff[PATH_MAX];
    int err = 0;

    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    PostScriptFileTrailer(pd->psfp, pd->pageno);
    if(pd->open_type == 1)
	pclose(pd->psfp);
    else {
	fclose(pd->psfp);
	if (pd->printit) {
	    strcpy(buff, pd->command);
	    strcat(buff, " ");
	    strcat(buff, pd->filename);
/*	    Rprintf("buff is %s\n", buff); */
#ifdef Unix
	    err = R_system(buff);
#endif
#ifdef Win32
	    err = Rf_runcmd(buff, 0, 0, NULL);
#endif
	    if (err)
		warning(_("error from postscript() in running:\n    %s"),
			buff);
	}
    }
}

static void PS_Close(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    PostScriptClose(dd);
    freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
    freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
    freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
    pd->cidfonts = NULL;
    pd->fonts = NULL;
    pd->encodings = NULL;
    free(pd);
}

static void PS_Activate(NewDevDesc *dd) {}
static void PS_Deactivate(NewDevDesc *dd) {}

static FontMetricInfo *CIDsymbolmetricInfo(char *family, PostScriptDesc *pd)
{
    FontMetricInfo *result = NULL;
    int fontIndex;
    cidfontfamily fontfamily;

    fontfamily = findDeviceCIDFont(family, pd->cidfonts, &fontIndex);
    if (fontfamily) {
        /* (Type 1!) symbol font */
        result = &(fontfamily->symfont->metrics);
    } else
	error(_("CID family '%s' not included in PostScript device"),
	      family);
    return result;
}

static FontMetricInfo *metricInfo(char *family, int face,
				  PostScriptDesc *pd) {
    FontMetricInfo *result = NULL;
    int fontIndex;
    type1fontfamily fontfamily = findDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts, &fontIndex);
    if (fontfamily)
	result = &(fontfamily->fonts[face-1]->metrics);
    else
	error(_("family '%s' not included in PostScript device"), family);
    return result;
}

static char *convname(char *family, PostScriptDesc *pd) {
    char *result = NULL;
    int fontIndex;
    type1fontfamily fontfamily = findDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts, &fontIndex);
    if (fontfamily)
	result = fontfamily->encoding->convname;
    else
	error(_("family '%s' not included in PostScript device"), family);
    return result;
}

static double PS_StrWidth(char *str,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int face = gc->fontface;

    if(face < 1 || face > 5) face = 1;
    if (isType1Font(gc->fontfamily, PostScriptFonts, pd->defaultFont)) {
	return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	    PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
				  metricInfo(gc->fontfamily, face, pd),
				  face,
				  convname(gc->fontfamily, pd));
    } else { /* cidfont(gc->fontfamily, PostScriptFonts) */
        if (face < 5) {
	    return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	      PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
				    NULL,
				    face, NULL);
	} else {
	    return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	      PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
				    /* Send symbol face metric info */
				    CIDsymbolmetricInfo(gc->fontfamily, pd),
				    face, NULL);
	}
    }
}

static void PS_MetricInfo(int c,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  double* ascent, double* descent,
			  double* width, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int face = gc->fontface;

    if(face < 1 || face > 5) face = 1;

    if (isType1Font(gc->fontfamily, PostScriptFonts, pd->defaultFont)) {
	PostScriptMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width,
			     metricInfo(gc->fontfamily, face, pd),
			     face == 5, convname(gc->fontfamily, pd));
    } else { /* cidfont(gc->fontfamily, PostScriptFonts) */
        if (face < 5) {
	    PostScriptCIDMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width);
	} else {
 	    PostScriptMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width,
				 CIDsymbolmetricInfo(gc->fontfamily, pd),
				 TRUE, "");
	}
    }
    *ascent = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *ascent;
    *descent = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *descent;
    *width = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *width;
}

static void PS_Rect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    int code;
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    /* code is set as follows */
    /* code == 0, nothing to draw */
    /* code == 1, outline only */
    /* code == 2, fill only */
    /* code == 3, outline and fill */

    code = 2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) + (R_OPAQUE(gc->col));

    if (code) {
	if(code & 2)
	    SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	if(code & 1) {
	    SetColor(gc->col, dd);
	    SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	}
	PostScriptRectangle(pd->psfp, x0, y0, x1, y1);
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "p%d\n", code);
    }
}

static void PS_Circle(double x, double y, double r,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    int code;
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    /* code is set as follows */
    /* code == 0, nothing to draw */
    /* code == 1, outline only */
    /* code == 2, fill only */
    /* code == 3, outline and fill */

    code = 2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) + (R_OPAQUE(gc->col));

    if (code) {
	if(code & 2)
	    SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	if(code & 1) {
	    SetColor(gc->col, dd);
	    SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	}
	PostScriptCircle(pd->psfp, x, y, r);
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "p%d\n", code);
    }
}

static void PS_Line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    /* FIXME : clip to the device extents here */
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
	SetColor(gc->col, dd);
	SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	PostScriptStartPath(pd->psfp);
	PostScriptMoveTo(pd->psfp, x1, y1);
	PostScriptRLineTo(pd->psfp, x1, y1, x2, y2);
	/* fprintf(pd->psfp, "%.2f %.2f rl\n", x2 - x1, y2 - y1);*/
	PostScriptEndPath(pd->psfp);
    }
}

static void PS_Polygon(int n, double *x, double *y,
		       R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		       NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd;
    int i, code;

    pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    /* code is set as follows */
    /* code == 0, nothing to draw */
    /* code == 1, outline only */
    /* code == 2, fill only */
    /* code == 3, outline and fill */

    code = 2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) + (R_OPAQUE(gc->col));

    if (code) {
	if(code & 2)
	    SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	if(code & 1) {
	    SetColor(gc->col, dd);
	    SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	}
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "np\n");
	fprintf(pd->psfp, " %.2f %.2f m\n", x[0], y[0]);
	for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++)
	    if (i % 100 == 0)
		fprintf(pd->psfp, "%.2f %.2f lineto\n", x[i], y[i]);
	    else
		PostScriptRLineTo(pd->psfp, x[i-1], y[i-1], x[i], y[i]);
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "cp p%d\n", code);
    }
}

static void PS_Polyline(int n, double *x, double *y,
			R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd;
    int i;

    pd = (PostScriptDesc*) dd->deviceSpecific;
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
	SetColor(gc->col, dd);
	SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "np\n");
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "%.2f %.2f m\n", x[0], y[0]);
	for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) {
	    /* split up solid lines (only) into chunks of size 1000 */
	    if(gc->lty == 0 && i%1000 == 0)
		fprintf(pd->psfp, "currentpoint o m\n");
	    if (i % 100 == 0)
		fprintf(pd->psfp, "%.2f %.2f lineto\n", x[i], y[i]);
	    else
		PostScriptRLineTo(pd->psfp, x[i-1], y[i-1], x[i], y[i]);
	}
	fprintf(pd->psfp, "o\n");
    }
}

static int translateFont(char* family, int style, PostScriptDesc *pd)
{
    int result = style;
    type1fontfamily fontfamily;
    int fontIndex;
    if(style < 1 || style > 5) {
	warning(_("attempt to use invalid font %d replaced by font 1"), style);
	style = 1;
    }
    fontfamily = findDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts, &fontIndex);
    if (fontfamily) {
	result = (fontIndex - 1)*5 + style;
    } else {
	warning(_("family '%s' not included in PostScript device"), family);
    }
    return result;
}

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
static int numFonts(type1fontlist fonts) {
    int i = 0;
    while (fonts) {
	i++;
	fonts = fonts->next;
    }
    return i;
}

static int translateCIDFont(char* family, int style, PostScriptDesc *pd)
{
    int result = style;
    cidfontfamily fontfamily;
    int fontIndex;
    if(style < 1 || style > 5) {
	warning(_("attempt to use invalid font %d replaced by font 1"), style);
	style = 1;
    }
    fontfamily = findDeviceCIDFont(family, pd->cidfonts, &fontIndex);
    if (fontfamily) {
	/*
	 * CID fonts all listed after all Type 1 fonts.
	 */
	result = (numFonts(pd->fonts)*5) + (fontIndex - 1)*5 + style;
    } else {
	warning(_("family '%s' not included in PostScript device"), family);
    }
    return result;
}
#endif

static void drawSimpleText(double x, double y, char *str,
			   double rot, double hadj,
			   int font,
			   R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			   NewDevDesc *dd) {
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    SetFont(font,
	    (int)floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5),dd);
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
	SetColor(gc->col, dd);
	PostScriptText(pd->psfp, x, y, str, hadj, 0.0, rot);
    }
}

#ifndef SUPPORT_MBCS
static void PS_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		    double rot, double hadj,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    drawSimpleText(x, y, str, rot, hadj,
		   translateFont(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
		   gc, dd);
}
#else
/* <FIXME> it would make sense to cache 'cd' here, but we would also
   need to know if the current locale's charset changes.  However,
   currently this is only called in a UTF-8 locale.
 */
static void mbcsToSbcs(char *in, char *out, char *encoding)
{
    void *cd = NULL;
    char *i_buf, *o_buf;
    size_t i_len, o_len, status;

    if(strcmp(encoding, "latin1") == 0 || strcmp(encoding, "ISOLatin1") == 0) {
	mbcsToLatin1(in, out);
	return;
    }

    if ((void*)-1 == (cd = Riconv_open(encoding, "")))
	error(_("unknown encoding '%s' in 'mbcsToSbcs'"), encoding);

    i_buf = in;
    i_len = strlen(in)+1; /* include terminator */
    o_buf = (char *)out;
    o_len = i_len; /* must be the same or fewer chars */
    status = Riconv(cd, (char **)&i_buf, (size_t *)&i_len,
		    (char **)&o_buf, (size_t *)&o_len);

    Riconv_close(cd);
    if (status == (size_t)-1) error(_("conversion failure in 'mbcsToSbcs'"));
}

static void PS_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		    double rot, double hadj,
		    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		    NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    char *str1 = str;
    char *buff;

    PostScriptDesc *pd = (PostScriptDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    if (gc->fontface == 5 ) {
        if (isCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, PostScriptFonts, pd->defaultCIDFont)) {
	    drawSimpleText(x, y, str1, rot, hadj,
			   translateCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
			   gc, dd);
	    return;
	} else {
	    drawSimpleText(x, y, str1, rot, hadj,
			   translateFont(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
			   gc, dd);
	    return;
	}
    }

    /* No symbol fonts from now on */

    if (isCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, PostScriptFonts, pd->defaultCIDFont)) {
	/* NB, we could be in a SBCS here */
        size_t ucslen;
        int fontIndex;

	/*
	 * CID convert optimize PS encoding == locale encode case
	 */
	cidfontfamily cidfont = findDeviceCIDFont(gc->fontfamily,
						  pd->cidfonts,
						  &fontIndex);
	if (!strcmp(locale2charset(NULL),
		    cidfont->encoding)) {
	    SetFont(translateCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
		    (int)floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5),dd);
	    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
		SetColor(gc->col, dd);
		PostScriptHexText(pd->psfp, x, y, str, strlen(str), hadj,
				  0.0, rot);
	    }
	    return;
	}

	/*
	 * CID convert PS encoding != locale encode case
	 */
        ucslen = mbstowcs(NULL, str, 0);
        if (ucslen != (size_t)-1) {
	    void *cd;
	    unsigned char *buf;
	    char  *i_buf, *o_buf;
	    size_t nb, i_len,  o_len, buflen = ucslen * sizeof(ucs2_t);
	    size_t status;

            cd = (void*)Riconv_open(cidfont->encoding, "");
            if(cd == (void*)-1) return;

            buf = (unsigned char *) alloca(buflen);
	    R_CheckStack();

            i_buf = str;
            o_buf = (char *)buf;
            i_len = strlen(str); /* do not include terminator */
            nb = o_len = buflen;

            status = Riconv(cd, (char **)&i_buf, (size_t *)&i_len,
                            (char **)&o_buf, (size_t *)&o_len);

            Riconv_close(cd);
            if(status == (size_t)-1)
                warning(_("failed in text conversion to encoding '%s'"),
			cidfont->encoding);
            else {
		SetFont(translateCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
			(int)floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5), dd);
		if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
		    SetColor(gc->col, dd);
		    PostScriptHexText(pd->psfp, x, y, (char *)buf,
				      nb - o_len, hadj, 0.0, rot);
		}
	    }
	    return;
	} else {
	    warning(_("invalid string in '%s'"), "PS_Text");
	    return;
	}
    }

    /* Now using single-byte non-symbol font. It is not entirely
       obvious that only UTF-8 locales need re-encoding, but we don't
       have any other MBCSs that can sensibly be mapped to a SBCS.
       It would be perverse (but possible) to write English in a
       CJK MBCS.
    */
    if(utf8locale && !utf8strIsASCII(str)) {
	buff = alloca(strlen(str)+1); /* Output string cannot be longer */
	R_CheckStack();
	mbcsToSbcs(str, buff, convname(gc->fontfamily, pd));
	str1 = buff;
    }
    drawSimpleText(x, y, str1, rot, hadj,
		   translateFont(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
		   gc, dd);
}
#endif

static Rboolean PS_Locator(double *x, double *y, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    return FALSE;
}

static void PS_Mode(int mode, NewDevDesc* dd)
{
}

static void PS_Hold(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
}



/***********************************************************************

                 XFig driver shares font handling

************************************************************************/



typedef struct {
    char filename[PATH_MAX];

    char papername[64];	 /* paper name */
    int paperwidth;	 /* paper width in big points (1/72 in) */
    int paperheight;	 /* paper height in big points */
    Rboolean landscape;	 /* landscape mode */
    int pageno;		 /* page number */

    int fontnum;	 /* font number in XFig */
    int maxpointsize;

    double width;	 /* plot width in inches */
    double height;	 /* plot height in inches */
    double pagewidth;	 /* page width in inches */
    double pageheight;	 /* page height in inches */
    Rboolean pagecentre;      /* centre image on page? */

    double lwd;		 /* current line width */
    int lty;		 /* current line type */
    rcolor col;		 /* current color */
    rcolor fill;	 /* current fill color */
    rcolor bg;		 /* background color */
    int XFigColors[534];
    int nXFigColors;

    FILE *psfp;		 /* output file */
    FILE *tmpfp;         /* temp file */
    char tmpname[PATH_MAX];

    Rboolean onefile;
    int ymax;            /* used to invert coord system */
    char encoding[50];   /* for writing text */

    /*
     * Fonts and encodings used on the device
     *
     * ASSUME ONLY ONE (DEFAULT) FOR NOW
     */
    type1fontlist fonts;
    encodinglist encodings;
} XFigDesc;

static void
XF_FileHeader(FILE *fp, char *papername, Rboolean landscape, Rboolean onefile)
{
    fprintf(fp, "#FIG 3.2\n");
    fprintf(fp, landscape ? "Landscape\n" : "Portrait\n");
    fprintf(fp, "Flush Left\nInches\n");
    /* Fix */fprintf(fp, "%s\n", papername);
    fprintf(fp, "100.0\n");
    fprintf(fp, onefile ? "Multiple\n" : "Single\n");
    fprintf(fp, "-2\n"); /* no background */
    fprintf(fp, "1200 2\n"); /* coordinate system */
    fprintf(fp, "# End of XFig header\n");
}

static void XF_FileTrailer(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(fp, "# end of XFig file\n");
}


static void XF_EndPage(FILE *fp)
{
    fprintf(fp, "# end of XFig page\n");
}

static void XF_WriteString(FILE *fp, char *str)
{
    unsigned int c;
    for ( ; *str; str++) {
	c = (unsigned char)*str;
	if (c > 127) {
	    fprintf(fp, "\\%o", c);
	} else {
	    switch(*str) {
	    case '\n':
		fprintf(fp, "\\n");
		break;
	    case '\\':
		fprintf(fp, "\\\\");
		break;
	    default:
		fputc(*str, fp);
		break;
	    }
	}
    }
}

static int XF_SetColor(int color, XFigDesc *pd)
{
    int i;
    unsigned int alpha = color & 0xff000000;
    if(alpha < 0xff)  return -1;
    color = color & 0xffffff;
    for (i = 0; i < pd->nXFigColors; i++)
	if(color == pd->XFigColors[i]) return i;
    if(pd->nXFigColors == 534)
	error(_("run out of colors in xfig()"));
    /* new colour */
    fprintf(pd->psfp, "0 %d #%02x%02x%02x\n", pd->nXFigColors,
	    R_RED(color), R_GREEN(color), R_BLUE(color));
    pd->XFigColors[pd->nXFigColors] = color;
    return pd->nXFigColors++;
}

static void XFconvert(double *x, double *y, XFigDesc *pd)
{
    (*x) *= 16.667;
    (*y) = pd->ymax - 16.667*(*y);
}


static int XF_SetLty(int lty)
{
    switch(lty) {
    case LTY_BLANK:
	return -1;
    case LTY_SOLID:
	return 0;
    case LTY_DASHED:
	return 1;
    case LTY_DOTTED:
	return 2;
    case LTY_DOTDASH:
	return 3;
    default:
	warning(_("unimplemented line texture %08x: using Dash-double-dotted"),
		lty);
	return 4;
    }
}

/* Device Driver Actions */

static void XFig_Activate(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Circle(double x, double y, double r,
			R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Clip(double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Close(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Deactivate(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Hold(NewDevDesc *dd);
static Rboolean XFig_Locator(double *x, double *y, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_MetricInfo(int c,
			    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			    double* ascent, double* descent,
			    double* width, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Mode(int mode, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_NewPage(R_GE_gcontext *gc, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Polygon(int n, double *x, double *y,
			 R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			 NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Polyline(int n, double *x, double *y,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Rect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Size(double *left, double *right,
		     double *bottom, double *top,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static double XFig_StrWidth(char *str,
			    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			    NewDevDesc *dd);
static void XFig_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		      double rot, double hadj,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd);
static Rboolean XFig_Open(NewDevDesc*, XFigDesc*);

/*
 * Values taken from FIG format definition
 */
static int XFigBaseNum(char *name)
{
    int i;
    if (!strcmp(name, "Times"))
	i = 0;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "AvantGarde"))
	i = 4;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "Bookman"))
	i = 8;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "Courier"))
	i = 12;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "Helvetica"))
	i = 16;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "Helvetica-Narrow"))
	i = 20;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "NewCenturySchoolbook"))
	i = 24;
    else if (!strcmp(name, "Palatino"))
	i = 28;
    else {
	warning(_("unknown postscript font family '%s', using Helvetica"),
		name);
	i = 16;
    }
    return i;
}

static void XF_resetColors(XFigDesc *pd)
{
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 32; i++) pd->XFigColors[i] = 0;
    pd->XFigColors[7] = 0xffffff; /* white */
    pd->nXFigColors = 32;
}

/* Driver Support Routines */

static Rboolean
XFigDeviceDriver(NewDevDesc *dd, char *file, char *paper, char *family,
		 char *bg, char *fg,
		 double width, double height,
		 Rboolean horizontal, double ps,
		 Rboolean onefile, Rboolean pagecentre, char *encoding)
{
    /* If we need to bail out with some sort of "error" */
    /* then we must free(dd) */

    int gotFont;
    double xoff, yoff, pointsize;
    XFigDesc *pd;
    type1fontfamily font;
    encodinginfo enc;
    encodinglist enclist;

    /* Check and extract the device parameters */

    if(strlen(file) > PATH_MAX - 1) {
	free(dd);
	error(_("filename too long in xfig"));
    }

    /* allocate new xfig device description */
    if (!(pd = (XFigDesc *) malloc(sizeof(XFigDesc))))
	return 0;

    /* from here on, if need to bail out with "error", must also */
    /* free(pd) */

    /* initialize xfig device description */
    strcpy(pd->filename, file);
    strcpy(pd->papername, paper);
    pd->fontnum = XFigBaseNum(family);
    /* this might have changed the family, so update */
    if(pd->fontnum == 16) family = "Helvetica";
    pd->bg = str2col(bg);
    pd->col = str2col(fg);
    pd->fill = R_TRANWHITE;
    pd->width = width;
    pd->height = height;
    pd->landscape = horizontal;
    pointsize = floor(ps);
    if(R_TRANSPARENT(pd->bg) && R_TRANSPARENT(pd->col)) {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("invalid foreground/background color (xfig)"));
    }

    /*
     * Load the default encoding AS THE FIRST ENCODING FOR THIS DEVICE.
     */
    pd->encodings = NULL;
    if (!(enc = findEncoding("ISOLatin1.enc", pd->encodings)))
	enc = addEncoding("ISOLatin1.enc", 0);
    if (enc && (enclist = addDeviceEncoding(enc, pd->encodings))) {
	pd->encodings = enclist;
    } else {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("failed to load encoding"));
    }

    /* Load default font */
    pd->fonts = NULL;

    gotFont = 0;
    font = findLoadedFont(family, "ISOLatin1.enc", FALSE);
    if (!font) {
	/*
	 * If the font has not been loaded yet, load it.
	 *
	 * The family SHOULD be in the font database to get this far.
	 * (checked at R level in postscript() in postscript.R)
	 */
	if (isType1Font(family, PostScriptFonts, NULL)) {
	    font = addFont(family, FALSE, pd->encodings);
	} else {
	    error(_("Only Type 1 fonts supported for XFig"));
	}
    }
    if (font) {
	/*
	 * At this point the font is loaded, so add it to the
	 * device's list of fonts.
	 */
	pd->fonts = addDeviceFont(font, pd->fonts, &gotFont);
    }
    if (!gotFont) {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("Failed to initialise default XFig font"));
    }

    /* Deal with paper and plot size and orientation */

    if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Default") ||
       !strcmp(pd->papername, "default")) {
	SEXP s = STRING_ELT(GetOption(install("papersize"), R_BaseEnv), 0);
	if(s != NA_STRING && strlen(CHAR(s)) > 0)
	    strcpy(pd->papername, CHAR(s));
	else strcpy(pd->papername, "A4");
    }
    if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "A4") ||
       !strcmp(pd->papername, "a4")) {
	strcpy(pd->papername, "A4");
	pd->pagewidth  = 21.0 / 2.54;
	pd->pageheight = 29.7 / 2.54;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Letter") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "letter")) {
	strcpy(pd->papername, "Letter");
	pd->pagewidth  =  8.5;
	pd->pageheight = 11.0;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Legal") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "legal")) {
	strcpy(pd->papername, "Legal");
	pd->pagewidth  =  8.5;
	pd->pageheight = 14.0;
    }
    else {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->encodings = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("invalid page type '%s' (xfig)"), pd->papername);
    }
    pd->pagecentre = pagecentre;
    pd->paperwidth = 72 * pd->pagewidth;
    pd->paperheight = 72 * pd->pageheight;
    if(!onefile) {
	char *p = strrchr(pd->filename, '%');
	if(!p)
	    warning(_("xfig(%s, onefile=FALSE) will only return the last plot"), pd->filename);
    }
    if(pd->landscape) {
	double tmp;
	tmp = pd->pagewidth;
	pd->pagewidth = pd->pageheight;
	pd->pageheight = tmp;
    }
    if(pd->width < 0.1 || pd->width > pd->pagewidth-0.5)
	pd->width = pd->pagewidth-0.5;
    if(pd->height < 0.1 || pd->height > pd->pageheight-0.5)
	pd->height = pd->pageheight-0.5;
    if(pagecentre) {
	xoff = (pd->pagewidth - pd->width)/2.0;
	yoff = (pd->pageheight - pd->height)/2.0;
    } else {
	xoff = yoff = 0.0;
    }
    if(pagecentre)
	pd->ymax = (int)(1200.0 * pd->pageheight);
    else
	pd->ymax = (int)(1200.0 * pd->height);
    pd->onefile = onefile;
    pd->maxpointsize = 72.0 * ((pd->pageheight > pd->pagewidth) ?
			       pd->pageheight : pd->pagewidth);
    pd->pageno = 0;
    /* Base Pointsize */
    /* Nominal Character Sizes in Pixels */
    /* Only right for 12 point font. */
    /* Max pointsize suggested by Peter Dalgaard */

    if(pointsize < 6.0) pointsize = 6.0;
    if(pointsize > pd->maxpointsize) pointsize = pd->maxpointsize;
    dd->startps = pointsize;
    dd->startlty = LTY_SOLID;
    dd->startfont = 1;
    dd->startfill = pd->bg;
    dd->startcol = pd->col;
    dd->startgamma = 1;

    /* Set graphics parameters that must be set by device driver. */
    /* Page dimensions in points. */

    dd->left = 72 * xoff;			/* left */
    dd->right = 72 * (xoff + pd->width);	/* right */
    dd->bottom = 72 * yoff;		/* bottom */
    dd->top = 72 * (yoff + pd->height);	/* top */

    dd->cra[0] = 0.9 * pointsize;
    dd->cra[1] = 1.2 * pointsize;

    /* Character Addressing Offsets */
    /* These offsets should center a single */
    /* plotting character over the plotting point. */
    /* Pure guesswork and eyeballing ... */

    dd->xCharOffset =  0.4900;
    dd->yCharOffset =  0.3333;
    dd->yLineBias = 0.2;

    /* Inches per Raster Unit */
    /* 1200 dpi */
    dd->ipr[0] = 1.0/72.0;
    dd->ipr[1] = 1.0/72.0;

    dd->canResizePlot = 0;
    dd->canChangeFont = 1;
    dd->canRotateText = 1;
    dd->canResizeText = 1;
    dd->canClip = 0;
    dd->canHAdj = 1; /* 0, 0.5, 1 */
    dd->canChangeGamma = FALSE;
    strncpy(pd->encoding, encoding, 50);

    XF_resetColors(pd);

    /*	Start the driver */

    if(!XFig_Open(dd, pd)) {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->encodings = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	return 0;
    }

    dd->newDevStruct = 1;

    dd->open       = XFig_Open;
    dd->close      = XFig_Close;
    dd->activate   = XFig_Activate;
    dd->deactivate = XFig_Deactivate;
    dd->size       = XFig_Size;
    dd->newPage    = XFig_NewPage;
    dd->clip	   = XFig_Clip;
    dd->text	   = XFig_Text;
    dd->strWidth   = XFig_StrWidth;
    dd->metricInfo = XFig_MetricInfo;
    dd->rect	   = XFig_Rect;
    dd->circle     = XFig_Circle;
    dd->line	   = XFig_Line;
    dd->polygon    = XFig_Polygon;
    dd->polyline   = XFig_Polyline;
    dd->locator    = XFig_Locator;
    dd->mode	   = XFig_Mode;
    dd->hold	   = XFig_Hold;

    dd->deviceSpecific = (void *) pd;
    dd->displayListOn = FALSE;
    return 1;
}

static Rboolean XFig_Open(NewDevDesc *dd, XFigDesc *pd)
{
    char buf[512], *tmp;

    if (strlen(pd->filename) == 0) {
	error(_("empty file name"));
	return FALSE;
    } else {
	snprintf(buf, 512, pd->filename, pd->pageno + 1); /* page 1 to start */
	pd->psfp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "w");
    }
    if (!pd->psfp) return FALSE;
    /* assume tmpname is less than PATH_MAX */
    tmp = R_tmpnam("Rxfig", R_TempDir);
    strcpy(pd->tmpname, tmp);
    free(tmp);
    pd->tmpfp = R_fopen(pd->tmpname, "w");
    if (!pd->tmpfp) {
	fclose(pd->psfp);
	return FALSE;
    }
    XF_FileHeader(pd->psfp, pd->papername, pd->landscape, pd->onefile);
    pd->pageno = 0;
    return TRUE;
}


static void XFig_Clip(double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1,
		      NewDevDesc *dd)
{
}

static void XFig_Size(double *left, double *right,
		      double *bottom, double *top,
		      NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    *left = dd->left;
    *right = dd->right;
    *bottom = dd->bottom;
    *top = dd->top;
}

#define CHUNK 10000
static void XFig_NewPage(R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			 NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    char buf[PATH_MAX];
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    pd->pageno++;
    if(pd->onefile) {
	fprintf(pd->tmpfp, "#Start of page %d\n", pd->pageno);
	if(pd->pageno > 1) XF_EndPage(pd->tmpfp);
    } else {
	char buffer[CHUNK];
	size_t nread, res;
	if(pd->pageno == 1) return;
	XF_FileTrailer(pd->tmpfp);
	fclose(pd->tmpfp);
	pd->tmpfp = R_fopen(pd->tmpname, "r");
	while(1) {
	    nread = fread(buffer, 1, CHUNK, pd->tmpfp);
	    if(nread > 0) {
		res = fwrite(buffer, 1, nread, pd->psfp);
		if(res != nread) error(_("write failed"));
	    }
	    if(nread < CHUNK) break;
	}
	fclose(pd->tmpfp);
	fclose(pd->psfp);
	snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, pd->filename, pd->pageno);
	pd->psfp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "w");
	pd->tmpfp = R_fopen(pd->tmpname, "w");
	XF_FileHeader(pd->psfp, pd->papername, pd->landscape, pd->onefile);
	XF_resetColors(pd);
    }
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) {
	FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
	int cbg = XF_SetColor(gc->fill, pd);
	int ix0, iy0, ix1, iy1;
	double x0 = 0.0, y0 = 0.0, x1 = 72.0 * pd->pagewidth,
	    y1 = 72.0 * pd->pageheight;
	XFconvert(&x0, &y0, pd); XFconvert(&x1, &y1, pd);
	ix0 = (int)x0; iy0 = (int)y0; ix1 = (int)x1; iy1 = (int)y1;
	fprintf(fp, "2 2 "); /* Polyline */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", 0, 0); /* style, thickness */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", cbg, cbg); /* pen colour fill colour */
	fprintf(fp, "200 0 20 4.0 0 0 -1 0 0 ");
	fprintf(fp, "%d\n", 5); /* number of points */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", ix0, iy0);
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", ix0, iy1);
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", ix1, iy1);
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", ix1, iy0);
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", ix0, iy0);
    }
}

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

static void XFig_Close(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    char buf[CHUNK];
    size_t nread, res;
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    XF_FileTrailer(pd->tmpfp);
    fclose(pd->tmpfp);
    pd->tmpfp = R_fopen(pd->tmpname, "r");
    while(1) {
	nread = fread(buf, 1, CHUNK, pd->tmpfp);
	if(nread > 0) {
	    res = fwrite(buf, 1, nread, pd->psfp);
	    if(res != nread) error(_("write failed"));
	}
	if(nread < CHUNK) break;
    }
    fclose(pd->tmpfp);
    unlink(pd->tmpname);
    fclose(pd->psfp);
    free(pd);
}

static void XFig_Activate(NewDevDesc *dd) {}
static void XFig_Deactivate(NewDevDesc *dd) {}

static void XFig_Rect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
    int ix0, iy0, ix1, iy1;
    int cbg = XF_SetColor(gc->fill, pd), cfg = XF_SetColor(gc->col, pd), cpen,
	dofill, lty = XF_SetLty(gc->lty), lwd = gc->lwd*0.833 + 0.5;

    if(lty < 0) return;

    cpen = (R_OPAQUE(gc->col))? cfg: -1;
    dofill = (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill))? 20: -1;

    XFconvert(&x0, &y0, pd);
    XFconvert(&x1, &y1, pd);
    ix0 = (int)x0; iy0 = (int)y0; ix1 = (int)x1; iy1 = (int)y1;
    fprintf(fp, "2 2 "); /* Polyline */
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", lty, lwd>0?lwd:1); /* style, thickness */
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", cpen, cbg); /* pen colour fill colour */
    fprintf(fp, "100 0 %d ", dofill); /* depth, pen style, area fill */
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f 0 0 -1 0 0 ", 4.0*lwd); /* style value, join .... */
    fprintf(fp, "%d\n", 5); /* number of points */
    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d ", ix0, iy0);
    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d ", ix0, iy1);
    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d ", ix1, iy1);
    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d ", ix1, iy0);
    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d\n", ix0, iy0);
}

static void XFig_Circle(double x, double y, double r,
			R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
    int ix, iy, ir;
    int cbg = XF_SetColor(gc->fill, pd), cfg = XF_SetColor(gc->col, pd), cpen,
	dofill, lty = XF_SetLty(gc->lty), lwd = gc->lwd*0.833 + 0.5;

    if(lty < 0) return;

    cpen = (R_OPAQUE(gc->col))? cfg: -1;
    dofill = (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill))? 20: -1;

    XFconvert(&x, &y, pd);
    ix = (int)x; iy = (int)y; ir = (int)(16.667*r);

    fprintf(fp, "1 3 "); /* Circle + radius */
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", lty, lwd>0?lwd:1); /* style, thickness */
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", cpen, cbg); /* pen colour fill colour */
    fprintf(fp, "100 0 %d ", dofill); /* depth, pen style, area fill */
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f 1 0 ", 4.0*lwd); /* style value, direction, x, angle */
    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d \n",
	    ix, iy, ir, ir, ix, iy, ix+ir, iy);
}

static void XFig_Line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
    int lty = XF_SetLty(gc->lty), lwd = gc->lwd*0.833 + 0.5;

    if(lty < 0) return;

    XFconvert(&x1, &y1, pd);
    XFconvert(&x2, &y2, pd);
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
	fprintf(fp, "2 1 "); /* Polyline */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", lty, lwd>0?lwd:1); /* style, thickness */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", XF_SetColor(gc->col, pd), 7);
	/* pen colour fill colour */
	fprintf(fp, "100 0 -1 "); /* depth, pen style, area fill */
	fprintf(fp, "%.2f 0 0 -1 0 0 ", 4.0*lwd); /* style value, join .... */
	fprintf(fp, "%d\n", 2); /* number of points */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d %d %d\n", (int)x1, (int)y1, (int)x2, (int)y2);
    }
}

static void XFig_Polygon(int n, double *x, double *y,
			 R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			 NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
    double xx, yy;
    int i;
    int cbg = XF_SetColor(gc->fill, pd), cfg = XF_SetColor(gc->col, pd), cpen,
	dofill, lty = XF_SetLty(gc->lty), lwd = gc->lwd*0.833 + 0.5;

    if(lty < 0) return;

    cpen = (R_OPAQUE(gc->col))? cfg: -1;
    dofill = (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill))? 20: -1;

    fprintf(fp, "2 3 "); /* Polyline */
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", lty, lwd>0?lwd:1); /* style, thickness */
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", cpen, cbg); /* pen colour fill colour */
    fprintf(fp, "100 0 %d ", dofill); /* depth, pen style, area fill */
    fprintf(fp, "%.2f 0 0 -1 0 0 ", 4.0*lwd); /* style value, join .... */
    fprintf(fp, "%d\n", n+1); /* number of points */
    /* close the path */
    for(i = 0 ; i <= n ; i++) {
	xx = x[i%n];
	yy = y[i%n];
	XFconvert(&xx, &yy, pd);
	fprintf(fp, "  %d %d\n", (int)xx, (int)yy);
    }
}

static void XFig_Polyline(int n, double *x, double *y,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc*) dd->deviceSpecific;
    FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
    double xx, yy;
    int i, lty = XF_SetLty(gc->lty), lwd = gc->lwd*0.833 + 0.5;

    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col) && lty >= 0) {
	fprintf(fp, "2 1 "); /* Polyline */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", lty, lwd>0?lwd:1); /* style, thickness */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", XF_SetColor(gc->col, pd), 7); /* pen colour fill colour */
	fprintf(fp, "100 0 -1 "); /* depth, pen style, area fill */
	fprintf(fp, "%.2f 0 0 -1 0 0 ", 4.0*lwd); /* style value, join .... */
	fprintf(fp, "%d\n", n); /* number of points */
	for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
	    xx = x[i];
	    yy = y[i];
	    XFconvert(&xx, &yy, pd);
	    fprintf(fp, "  %d %d\n", (int)xx, (int)yy);
	}
    }
}

static const int styles[4] = {0,2,1,3};

static void XFig_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		      double rot, double hadj,
		      R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		      NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    FILE *fp = pd->tmpfp;
    int fontnum, style = gc->fontface;
    double size = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5);
    char *str1 = str;
#if defined(HAVE_ICONV) && defined(ICONV_LATIN1)
    char *buf;
#endif

    if(style < 1 || style > 5) {
	warning(_("attempt to use invalid font %d replaced by font 1"), style);
	style = 1;
    }
    if(style == 5) fontnum = 32;
    else fontnum = pd->fontnum + styles[style-1];

#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    /*
     * xfig -international hoge.fig
     * mapping multibyte(EUC only) string Times{Romani,Bold} font Only
     */
    if ( mbcslocale && style != 5 )
        if (!strncmp("EUC", locale2charset(NULL), 3))
            fontnum = ((style & 1) ^ 1 ) << 1 ;
#endif /* SUPPORT_MBCS */

    XFconvert(&x, &y, pd);
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
	fprintf(fp, "4 %d ", (int)floor(2*hadj)); /* Text, how justified */
	fprintf(fp, "%d 100 0 ", XF_SetColor(gc->col, pd));
	/* color, depth, pen_style */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d %.4f 4 ", fontnum, (int)size, rot * DEG2RAD);
	/* font pointsize angle flags (Postscript font) */
	/* FIXME:  Why is this calling GStr[Height|Width] when it
	 * presumably could be calling XFig_Str[Height|Width] ?
	 */
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ",
		(int)(16.667*GStrHeight(str, DEVICE,
					GetDevice(devNumber((DevDesc*) dd)))
		      +0.5),
		(int)(16.667*GStrWidth(str, DEVICE,
				       GetDevice(devNumber((DevDesc*) dd)))
		      +0.5));
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d ", (int)x, (int)y);
	if(strcmp(pd->encoding, "none") != 0) {
#if defined(HAVE_ICONV) && defined(ICONV_LATIN1)
	    /* reencode the text */
	    void *cd;
	    char  *i_buf, *o_buf;
	    size_t i_len, o_len, status;
	    int buflen = MB_LEN_MAX*strlen(str) + 1;

	    cd = (void*)Riconv_open(pd->encoding, "");
	    if(cd == (void*)-1) {
		warning(_("unable to use encoding '%s'"), pd->encoding);
	    } else {
		buf = (char *) alloca(buflen);
		R_CheckStack();
		i_buf = str;
		o_buf = buf;
		i_len = strlen(str) + 1; /* including terminator */
		o_len = buflen;
		status = Riconv(cd, &i_buf, &i_len, &o_buf, &o_len);
		Riconv_close(cd);
		if(status == (size_t)-1)
		    warning(_("failed in text conversion to encoding '%s'"),
			    pd->encoding);
		else str1 = buf;
	    }
#else
	    warning(_("re-encoding is not possible on this system"));
#endif
	}
	XF_WriteString(fp, str1);
	fprintf(fp, "\\001\n");
    }
}

static Rboolean XFig_Locator(double *x, double *y, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    return FALSE;
}

static void XFig_Mode(int mode, NewDevDesc* dd)
{
}

static void XFig_Hold(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
}

static double XFig_StrWidth(char *str,
			    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			    NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int face = gc->fontface;

    if(face < 1 || face > 5) face = 1;

    return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
			      &(pd->fonts->family->fonts[face-1]->metrics),
			      face, "latin1");
}

static void XFig_MetricInfo(int c,
			    R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			    double* ascent, double* descent,
			    double* width, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    XFigDesc *pd = (XFigDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int face = gc->fontface;

    if(face < 1 || face > 5) face = 1;

    PostScriptMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width,
			 &(pd->fonts->family->fonts[face-1]->metrics),
			 face == 5, "");
    *ascent = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *ascent;
    *descent = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *descent;
    *width = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *width;
}


/***********************************************************************

                 PDF driver also shares font handling

************************************************************************/

/* TODO
   Flate encoding?
*/

typedef struct {
    char filename[PATH_MAX];

    char papername[64];	/* paper name */
    int paperwidth;	/* paper width in big points (1/72 in) */
    int paperheight;	/* paper height in big points */
    int pageno;		/* page number */
    int fileno;		/* file number */

    int maxpointsize;

    double width;	/* plot width in inches */
    double height;	/* plot height in inches */
    double pagewidth;	 /* page width in inches */
    double pageheight;	 /* page height in inches */
    Rboolean pagecentre;      /* centre image on page? */
    Rboolean onefile;	/* one file or one file per page? */

    FILE *pdffp;		/* output file */

    /* This group of variables track the current device status.
     * They should only be set by routines that emit PDF. */
    struct {
	double lwd;		 /* line width */
	int lty;		 /* line type */
	R_GE_lineend lend;
	R_GE_linejoin ljoin;
	double lmitre;
	int fontsize;	         /* font size in points */
	rcolor col;		 /* color */
	rcolor fill;	         /* fill color */
	rcolor bg;		 /* color */
    } current;

    /*
     * This is a record of the alpha transparency levels used during
     * drawing to the device.
     * Only allow 256 different alpha levels
     * (because R uses 8-bit alpha channel).
     * "alphas" is a record of alphas used so far (unused set to -1)
     * There are separate alpha levels for stroking and filling
     * (i.e., col and fill)
     */
    short colAlpha[256];
    short fillAlpha[256];

    /*
     * What version of PDF are we trying to work with?
     * This is used (so far) for implementing transparency
     * Alphas are only used if version is at least 1.4
     */
    int versionMajor;
    int versionMinor;

    int nobjs;  /* number of objects */
    int *pos; /* object positions */
    int *pageobj; /* page object numbers */
    int pagemax;
    int startstream; /* position of start of current stream */
    Rboolean inText;
    char title[1024];

    /*
     * Fonts and encodings used on the device
     */
    type1fontlist fonts;
    cidfontlist   cidfonts;
    encodinglist  encodings;
    /*
     * These next two just record the default device font
     */
    type1fontfamily defaultFont;
    cidfontfamily   defaultCIDFont;
    /* Record if fonts are used */
    Rboolean fontUsed[100];
}
PDFDesc;

/* Device Driver Actions */

static Rboolean PDF_Open(NewDevDesc*, PDFDesc*);
static void PDF_Activate(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Circle(double x, double y, double r,
		       R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		       NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Clip(double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Close(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Deactivate(NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Hold(NewDevDesc *dd);
static Rboolean PDF_Locator(double *x, double *y, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_MetricInfo(int c,
			   R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			   double* ascent, double* descent,
			   double* width, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Mode(int mode, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_NewPage(R_GE_gcontext *gc, NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Polygon(int n, double *x, double *y,
			R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Polyline(int n, double *x, double *y,
			 R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			 NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Rect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Size(double *left, double *right,
		     double *bottom, double *top,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);
static double PDF_StrWidth(char *str,
			   R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			   NewDevDesc *dd);
static void PDF_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		     double rot, double hadj,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd);

/*
 * Add a graphics engine font family to the list of fonts used on a
 * PDF device ...
 *
 * ... AND add the font encoding to the list of encodings used on the
 * device (if necessary)
 */
/*
 * Differs from addDeviceFont (used in PostScript device)
 * because we do not need to immediately write font
 * information to file.  In PDF, the font information is
 * all written at the end as part of the file footer.
 */
static Rboolean addPDFDeviceCIDfont(cidfontfamily family,
				    PDFDesc *pd,
				    int *fontIndex)
{
    Rboolean result = FALSE;
    cidfontlist fontlist = addDeviceCIDFont(family, pd->cidfonts, fontIndex);
    if (fontlist) {
	pd->cidfonts = fontlist;
	result = TRUE;
    }
    return result;
}

static Rboolean addPDFDevicefont(type1fontfamily family,
				 PDFDesc *pd,
				 int *fontIndex)
{
    Rboolean result = FALSE;
    type1fontlist fontlist = addDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts, fontIndex);
    if (fontlist) {
	int dontcare;
	encodinginfo encoding =
	    findDeviceEncoding(family->encoding->encpath,
			       pd->encodings, &dontcare);
	if (encoding) {
	    pd->fonts = fontlist;
	    result = TRUE;
        } else {
	    /*
	     * The encoding should have been loaded when the font was loaded
	     */
	    encoding = findEncoding(family->encoding->encpath,
				    pd->encodings);
	    if (!encoding) {
		warning(_("Corrupt loaded encodings;  font not added"));
	    } else {
		encodinglist enclist = addDeviceEncoding(encoding,
							 pd->encodings);
		if (enclist) {
		    pd->fonts = fontlist;
		    pd->encodings = enclist;
		    result = TRUE;
		} else
		    warning(_("Failed to record device encoding; font not added"));
	    }
	}
    }
    return result;
}

Rboolean
PDFDeviceDriver(NewDevDesc* dd, char *file, char *paper,
		char *family, char **afmpaths, char *encoding,
		char *bg, char *fg, double width, double height,
		double ps, int onefile, int pagecentre,
		char *title, SEXP fonts,
		int versionMajor, int versionMinor)
{
    /* If we need to bail out with some sort of "error" */
    /* then we must free(dd) */

    int i, gotFont;
    double xoff = 0.0, yoff = 0.0, pointsize;
    rcolor setbg, setfg;
    encodinginfo enc;
    encodinglist enclist;
    type1fontfamily font;
    cidfontfamily cidfont = NULL;

    PDFDesc *pd;

    /* Check and extract the device parameters */

    if(strlen(file) > PATH_MAX - 1) {
	free(dd);
	error(_("filename too long in pdf"));
    }

    /* allocate new PDF device description */
    if (!(pd = (PDFDesc *) malloc(sizeof(PDFDesc))))
	return 0;
    /* from here on, if need to bail out with "error", must also */
    /* free(pd) */

    pd->versionMajor = versionMajor;
    pd->versionMinor = versionMinor;

    pd->pos = (int *) calloc(350, sizeof(int));
    if(!pd->pos) {
	free(pd); free(dd);
	error(_("cannot allocate pd->pos"));
    }
    pd->pageobj = (int *) calloc(100, sizeof(int));
    if(!pd->pageobj) {
	free(pd->pos);free(pd); free(dd);
	error(_("cannot allocate pd->pageobj"));
    }
    pd->pagemax = 100;


    /* initialize PDF device description */
    strcpy(pd->filename, file);
    strcpy(pd->papername, paper);
    strncpy(pd->title, title, 1024);
    memset(pd->fontUsed, 0, 100*sizeof(Rboolean));
    pd->fontUsed[1] = TRUE; /* Dingbats */

    pd->width = width;
    pd->height = height;

    if(strlen(encoding) > PATH_MAX - 1) {
	free(dd);
	free(pd->pos); free(pd->pageobj); free(pd);
	error(_("encoding path is too long"));
    }
    /*
     * Load the default encoding AS THE FIRST ENCODING FOR THIS DEVICE.
     *
     * encpath MUST NOT BE "default"
     */
    pd->encodings = NULL;
    if (!(enc = findEncoding(encoding, pd->encodings)))
	enc = addEncoding(encoding, 1);
    if (enc && (enclist = addDeviceEncoding(enc,
					    pd->encodings))) {
	pd->encodings = enclist;
    } else {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("failed to load default encoding"));
    }

    /*****************************
     * Load fonts
     *****************************/
    pd->fonts = NULL;
    pd->cidfonts = NULL;

    gotFont = 0;
    /*
     * If user specified afms then assume the font hasn't been loaded
     * Could lead to redundant extra loading of a font, but not often(?)
     */
    if (!strcmp(family, "User")) {
	font = addDefaultFontFromAFMs(encoding, afmpaths, 0, pd->encodings);
    } else {
	/*
	 * Otherwise, family is a device-independent font family.
	 * One of the elements of pdfFonts().
	 * NOTE this is the first font loaded on this device!
	 */
	/*
	 * Check first whether this font has been loaded
	 * in this R session
	 */
	font = findLoadedFont(family, encoding, TRUE);
	cidfont = findLoadedCIDFont(family, TRUE);
	if (!(font || cidfont)) {
	    /*
	     * If the font has not been loaded yet, load it.
	     *
	     * The family SHOULD be in the font database to get this far.
	     * (checked at R level in postscript() in postscript.R)
	     */
	    if (isType1Font(family, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
		font = addFont(family, TRUE, pd->encodings);
	    } else if (isCIDFont(family, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
		cidfont = addCIDFont(family, TRUE);
	    } else {
		/*
		 * Should NOT get here.
		 */
		error(_("Invalid font type"));
	    }
	}
    }
    if (font || cidfont) {
	/*
	 * At this point the font is loaded, so add it to the
	 * device's list of fonts.
	 */
	if (!strcmp(family, "User") ||
	    isType1Font(family, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
	    addPDFDevicefont(font, pd, &gotFont);
	    pd->defaultFont = pd->fonts->family;
	    pd->defaultCIDFont = NULL;
	} else /* (isCIDFont(family, PDFFonts)) */ {
	    addPDFDeviceCIDfont(cidfont, pd, &gotFont);
	    pd->defaultFont = NULL;
	    pd->defaultCIDFont = pd->cidfonts->cidfamily;
	}
    }
    if (!gotFont) {
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("Failed to initialise default PostScript font"));
    }

    /*
     * Load the font names sent in via the fonts arg
     * NOTE that these are the font names specified at the
     * R-level, NOT the translated font names.
     */
    if (!isNull(fonts)) {
	int i, dontcare, gotFonts = 0, nfonts = LENGTH(fonts);
	for (i=0; i<nfonts; i++) {
	    int index, cidindex;
	    char *name = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fonts, i));
	    if (findDeviceFont(name, pd->fonts, &index) ||
		findDeviceCIDFont(name, pd->cidfonts, &cidindex))
		gotFonts++;
	    else {
		/*
		 * Check whether the font is loaded and, if not,
		 * load it.
		 */
		font = findLoadedFont(name, encoding, TRUE);
		cidfont = findLoadedCIDFont(name, TRUE);
		if (!(font || cidfont)) {
		    if (isType1Font(name, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
			font = addFont(name, TRUE, pd->encodings);
		    } else if (isCIDFont(name, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
			cidfont = addCIDFont(name, TRUE);
		    } else {
			/*
			 * Should NOT get here.
			 */
			error(_("Invalid font type"));
		    }
		}
		/*
		 * Once the font is loaded, add it to the device's
		 * list of fonts.
		 */
		if (font || cidfont) {
		    if (isType1Font(name, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
			if (addPDFDevicefont(font, pd, &dontcare)) {
			    gotFonts++;
			}
		    } else /* (isCIDFont(family, PDFFonts)) */ {
			if (addPDFDeviceCIDfont(cidfont, pd, &dontcare)) {
			    gotFonts++;
			}
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
	if (gotFonts < nfonts) {
	    freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	    freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	    pd->fonts = NULL;
	    pd->encodings = NULL;
	    free(dd);
	    free(pd);
	    error(_("Failed to initialise additional PostScript fonts"));
	}
    }
    /*****************************
     * END Load fonts
     *****************************/

    setbg = str2col(bg);
    setfg = str2col(fg);

    /*
     * Initialise all alphas to -1
     */
    for (i=0; i<256; i++) {
	pd->colAlpha[i] = -1;
	pd->fillAlpha[i] = -1;
    }

    /* Deal with paper and plot size and orientation */

    if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Default") ||
       !strcmp(pd->papername, "default")) {
	SEXP s = STRING_ELT(GetOption(install("papersize"), R_NilValue), 0);
	if(s != NA_STRING && strlen(CHAR(s)) > 0)
	    strcpy(pd->papername, CHAR(s));
	else strcpy(pd->papername, "a4");
    }
    if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "A4") ||
       !strcmp(pd->papername, "a4")) {
	pd->pagewidth  = 21.0 / 2.54;
	pd->pageheight = 29.7  /2.54;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Letter") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "letter")) {
	pd->pagewidth  =  8.5;
	pd->pageheight = 11.0;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Legal") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "legal")) {
	pd->pagewidth  =  8.5;
	pd->pageheight = 14.0;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "Executive") ||
	    !strcmp(pd->papername, "executive")) {
	pd->pagewidth  =  7.25;
	pd->pageheight = 10.5;
    }
    else if(!strcmp(pd->papername, "special")) {
      pd->pagewidth  =  width;
      pd->pageheight = height;
    }
    else {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd);
	error(_("invalid paper type '%s' (pdf)"), pd->papername);
    }
    pd->pagecentre = pagecentre;
    pd->paperwidth = 72 * pd->pagewidth;
    pd->paperheight = 72 * pd->pageheight;
    if(strcmp(pd->papername, "special"))
    {
	if(pd->width < 0.1 || pd->width > pd->pagewidth-0.5)
	    pd->width = pd->pagewidth-0.5;
	if(pd->height < 0.1 || pd->height > pd->pageheight-0.5)
	    pd->height = pd->pageheight-0.5;
    }
    if(pagecentre)
    {
	xoff = (pd->pagewidth - pd->width)/2.0;
	yoff = (pd->pageheight - pd->height)/2.0;
    } else {
	xoff = yoff = 0.0;
    }

    pointsize = floor(ps);
    if(R_TRANSPARENT(setbg) && R_TRANSPARENT(setfg)) {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	pd->encodings = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd->pos); free(pd->pageobj); free(pd);
	error(_("invalid foreground/background color (pdf)"));
    }

    pd->onefile = onefile;
    pd->maxpointsize = 72.0 * ((pd->pageheight > pd->pagewidth) ?
			       pd->pageheight : pd->pagewidth);
    pd->pageno = pd->fileno = 0;
    /* Base Pointsize */
    /* Nominal Character Sizes in Pixels */
    /* Only right for 12 point font. */
    /* Max pointsize suggested by Peter Dalgaard */

    if(pointsize < 6.0) pointsize = 6.0;
    if(pointsize > pd->maxpointsize) pointsize = pd->maxpointsize;
    dd->startps = pointsize;
    dd->startlty = 0;
    dd->startfont = 1;
    dd->startfill = setbg;
    dd->startcol = setfg;
    dd->startgamma = 1;

    /* Set graphics parameters that must be set by device driver. */
    /* Page dimensions in points. */

    dd->left = 72 * xoff;			/* left */
    dd->right = 72 * (xoff + pd->width);	/* right */
    dd->bottom = 72 * yoff;			/* bottom */
    dd->top = 72 * (yoff + pd->height);	/* top */

    dd->cra[0] = 0.9 * pointsize;
    dd->cra[1] = 1.2 * pointsize;

    /* Character Addressing Offsets */
    /* These offsets should center a single */
    /* plotting character over the plotting point. */
    /* Pure guesswork and eyeballing ... */

    dd->xCharOffset =  0.4900;
    dd->yCharOffset =  0.3333;
    dd->yLineBias = 0.2;

    /* Inches per Raster Unit */
    /* 1200 dpi */
    dd->ipr[0] = 1.0/72.0;
    dd->ipr[1] = 1.0/72.0;

    dd->canResizePlot = 0;
    dd->canChangeFont = 1;
    dd->canRotateText = 1;
    dd->canResizeText = 1;
    dd->canClip = 1;
    dd->canHAdj = 0;
    dd->canChangeGamma = FALSE;

    /*	Start the driver */

    if(!PDF_Open(dd, pd)) {
	freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
	freeDeviceCIDFontList(pd->cidfonts);
	freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
	pd->fonts = NULL;
	pd->cidfonts = NULL;
	pd->encodings = NULL;
	free(dd);
	free(pd->pos); free(pd->pageobj); free(pd);
	return 0;
    }

    dd->newDevStruct = 1;

    dd->open	      = PDF_Open;
    dd->close      = PDF_Close;
    dd->activate   = PDF_Activate;
    dd->deactivate = PDF_Deactivate;
    dd->size     = PDF_Size;
    dd->newPage    = PDF_NewPage;
    dd->clip	      = PDF_Clip;
    dd->text	      = PDF_Text;
    dd->strWidth   = PDF_StrWidth;
    dd->metricInfo = PDF_MetricInfo;
    dd->rect	      = PDF_Rect;
    dd->circle     = PDF_Circle;
    dd->line	      = PDF_Line;
    dd->polygon    = PDF_Polygon;
    dd->polyline   = PDF_Polyline;
    dd->locator    = PDF_Locator;
    dd->mode	      = PDF_Mode;
    dd->hold	      = PDF_Hold;

    dd->deviceSpecific = (void *) pd;
    dd->displayListOn = FALSE;
    return 1;
}

static void PDF_Invalidate(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    pd->current.fontsize = -1;
    /*
     * Paul:  make all these settings "invalid"
     pd->current.lwd = 1;
     */
    pd->current.lwd = -1;
    pd->current.lty = -1;
    pd->current.lend = 0;
    pd->current.ljoin = 0;
    pd->current.lmitre = 0;
    /* page starts with black as the default fill and stroke colours */
    /*
     * Paul:  make all these settings "invalid"
     pd->current.col = 0;
     pd->current.fill = 0;
     */
    pd->current.col = INVALID_COL;
    pd->current.fill = INVALID_COL;
    pd->current.bg = INVALID_COL;
}


/*
 * Search through the alphas used so far and return
 * existing index if there is one.
 * Otherwise, add alpha to the list and return new index
 */
static int alphaIndex(int alpha, short *alphas) {
    int i, found = 0;
    for (i=0; i<256 && !found; i++) {
	if (alphas[i] < 0) {
	    alphas[i] = alpha;
	    found = 1;
	}
	if (alpha == alphas[i])
	    found = 1;
    }
    if (!found)
	error(_("Invalid alpha value in PDF"));
    return i;
}

/*
 * colAlpha graphics state parameter dictionaries are named
 * /GS1 to /GS256
 * fillAlpha graphics state parameter dictionaries are named
 * /GS257 to /GS512
 */
static int colAlphaIndex(int alpha, PDFDesc *pd) {
    return alphaIndex(alpha, pd->colAlpha);
}

static int fillAlphaIndex(int alpha, PDFDesc *pd) {
    return alphaIndex(alpha, pd->fillAlpha) + 256;
}

/*
 * Does the version support alpha transparency?
 * As from R 2.4.0 bump the version number so it does.
 */
static int alphaVersion(PDFDesc *pd) {
    if(pd->versionMajor == 1 && pd->versionMinor < 4) {
	pd->versionMinor  = 4;
	warning(_("increasing the PDF version to 1.4"));
    }
    return 1;
}

/*
 * Do we need to bother with semi-transparency?
 */
static int semiTransparent(int col)
{
    return !(R_OPAQUE(col) || R_TRANSPARENT(col));
}

static void PDF_SetLineColor(int color, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    if(color != pd->current.col) {
	unsigned int alpha = R_ALPHA(color);
	if (0 < alpha && alpha < 255 && alphaVersion(pd)) {
	    /*
	     * Apply graphics state parameter dictionary
	     * to set alpha
	     */
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/GS%i gs\n", colAlphaIndex(alpha, pd));
	}
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.3f %.3f %.3f RG\n",
		R_RED(color)/255.0,
		R_GREEN(color)/255.0,
		R_BLUE(color)/255.0);
	pd->current.col = color;
    }
}

static void PDF_SetFill(int color, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    if(color != pd->current.fill) {
	unsigned int alpha = R_ALPHA(color);
	if (0 < alpha && alpha < 255 && alphaVersion(pd)) {
	    /*
	     * Apply graphics state parameter dictionary
	     * to set alpha
	     */
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/GS%i gs\n", fillAlphaIndex(alpha, pd));
	}
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.3f %.3f %.3f rg\n",
		   R_RED(color)/255.0,
		   R_GREEN(color)/255.0,
		   R_BLUE(color)/255.0);
	pd->current.fill = color;
    }
}

static void PDFSetLineEnd(FILE *fp, R_GE_lineend lend)
{
    int lineend = 1; /* -Wall */
    switch (lend) {
    case GE_ROUND_CAP:
	lineend = 1;
	break;
    case GE_BUTT_CAP:
	lineend = 0;
	break;
    case GE_SQUARE_CAP:
	lineend = 2;
	break;
    default:
	error(_("Invalid line end"));
    }
    fprintf(fp, "%1d J\n", lineend);
}

static void PDFSetLineJoin(FILE *fp, R_GE_linejoin ljoin)
{
    int linejoin = 1; /* -Wall */
    switch (ljoin) {
    case GE_ROUND_JOIN:
	linejoin = 1;
	break;
    case GE_MITRE_JOIN:
	linejoin = 0;
	break;
    case GE_BEVEL_JOIN:
	linejoin = 2;
	break;
    default:
	error(_("Invalid line join"));
    }
    fprintf(fp, "%1d j\n", linejoin);
}

/* Note that the line texture is scaled by the line width.*/
static void PDFSetLineTexture(FILE *fp, char *dashlist, int nlty, double lwd)
{
    PP_SetLineTexture("d");
}

static void PDF_SetLineStyle(R_GE_gcontext *gc, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    char dashlist[8];
    int i;
    int newlty = gc->lty;
    double newlwd = gc->lwd;
    R_GE_lineend newlend = gc->lend;
    R_GE_linejoin newljoin = gc->ljoin;
    double newlmitre = gc->lmitre;

    if (pd->current.lty != newlty || pd->current.lwd != newlwd) {
	pd->current.lwd = newlwd;
	pd->current.lty = newlty;
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f w\n", newlwd * 0.75);
	/* process lty : */
	for(i = 0; i < 8 && newlty & 15 ; i++) {
	    dashlist[i] = newlty & 15;
	    newlty = newlty >> 4;
	}
	PDFSetLineTexture(pd->pdffp, dashlist, i, newlwd * 0.75);
    }
    if (pd->current.lend != newlend) {
	pd->current.lend = newlend;
	PDFSetLineEnd(pd->pdffp, newlend);
    }
    if (pd->current.ljoin != newljoin) {
	pd->current.ljoin = newljoin;
	PDFSetLineJoin(pd->pdffp, newljoin);
    }
    if (pd->current.lmitre != newlmitre) {
	pd->current.lmitre = newlmitre;
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f M\n", newlmitre);
    }
}

static void texton(PDFDesc *pd)
{
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "BT\n");
    pd->inText = TRUE;
}

static void textoff(PDFDesc *pd)
{
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "ET\n");
    pd->inText = FALSE;
}

static void PDF_Encodings(PDFDesc *pd)
{
    encodinglist enclist = pd->encodings;

    while (enclist) {
	encodinginfo encoding = enclist->encoding;
	pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);

	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /Encoding\n", pd->nobjs);
	if (strcmp(encoding->name, "WinAnsiEncoding") == 0 ||
	    strcmp(encoding->name, "MacRomanEncoding") == 0 ||
	    strcmp(encoding->name, "PDFDocEncoding") == 0) {
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/BaseEncoding /%s\n", encoding->name);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/Differences [ 45/minus ]\n");
	} else if (strcmp(encoding->name, "ISOLatin1Encoding") == 0) {
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/BaseEncoding /WinAnsiEncoding\n");
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/Differences [ 45/minus 96/quoteleft\n144/dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent\n/dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron /space]\n");
	} else {
	    int enc_first;
	    int c = 0;
	    int len;
	    char buf[128];
	    for(enc_first=0;encoding->enccode[enc_first]!='['   &&
			    encoding->enccode[enc_first]!='\0' ;enc_first++);
	    if (enc_first >= strlen(encoding->enccode))
	        enc_first=0;
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/BaseEncoding /PDFDocEncoding\n");
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/Differences [\n");
	    while(encoding->enccode[enc_first]){
		switch (encoding->enccode[enc_first]){
		  case ' ':
		  case '\t':
		  case '\n':
		  case '[':
		  case ']':
		    enc_first++;
		    continue;
		}
		for(len=0;
		    (encoding->enccode[enc_first+len]!=' ')   &&
		    (encoding->enccode[enc_first+len]!=']')   &&
		    (encoding->enccode[enc_first+len]!='\t')   &&
		    (encoding->enccode[enc_first+len]!='\0')   &&
		    (encoding->enccode[enc_first+len]!='\n') ;
		    len++);
		memcpy(buf,encoding->enccode + enc_first , len);
		buf[len]='\0';
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, " %d%s", c, buf);
		if ( (c+1) % 8 == 0 ) fprintf(pd->pdffp, "\n");
		c++;
		enc_first+=len;
	    }
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "\n]\n");
	}
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, ">>\nendobj\n");

	enclist = enclist->next;
    }
}

#include <time.h>
#include <Rversion.h>

static void PDF_startfile(PDFDesc *pd)
{
    struct tm *ltm;
    time_t ct;

    pd->nobjs = 0;
    pd->pageno = 0;
    /*
     * I destroy it when I open in Japanese environment carelessly
     */
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%%PDF-%i.%i\n%%\x81\xe2\x81\xe3\x81\xcf\x81\xd3\x5c\x72\n",
	    pd->versionMajor, pd->versionMinor);
    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);

    /* Object 1 is Info node. Date format is from the PDF manual */

    ct = time(NULL);
    ltm = localtime(&ct);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp,
	    "1 0 obj\n<<\n/CreationDate (D:%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d)\n",
	    1900 + ltm->tm_year, ltm->tm_mon+1, ltm->tm_mday,
	    ltm->tm_hour, ltm->tm_min, ltm->tm_sec);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp,
	    "/ModDate (D:%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d)\n",
	    1900 + ltm->tm_year, ltm->tm_mon+1, ltm->tm_mday,
	    ltm->tm_hour, ltm->tm_min, ltm->tm_sec);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/Title (%s)\n", pd->title);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/Producer (R %s.%s)\n/Creator (R)\n>>\nendobj\n",
	    R_MAJOR, R_MINOR);

    /* Object 2 is the Catalog, pointing to pages list in object 3 (at end) */

    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "2 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /Catalog\n/Pages 3 0 R\n>>\nendobj\n");

    /* Object 3 will be at the end */

    ++pd->nobjs;

    /* Object 4 will be at the end */

    ++pd->nobjs;

    /* Object 5 is Dingbats, used for (small) circles */

    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "5 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /Font\n/Subtype /Type1\n/Name /F1\n/BaseFont /ZapfDingbats\n>>\nendobj\n");
}

static char *Base14[] =
{
    "Courier", "Courier-Oblique", "Courier-Bold", "Courier-BoldOblique",
    "Helvetica", "Helvetica-Oblique", "Helvetica-Bold",
    "Helvetica-BoldOblique", "Symbol", "Times-Roman", "Times-Italic",
    "Times-Bold", "Times-BoldItalic", "ZapfDingbats"
};

static int isBase14(char *name)
{
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 14; i++)
	if(strcmp(name, Base14[i]) == 0) return 1;
    return 0;
}

static char *KnownSanSerif[] =
{
    "AvantGarde", "Helvetica-Narrow", "URWGothic", "NimbusSan"
};


static int isSans(char *name)
{
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	if(strncmp(name, KnownSanSerif[i], strlen(KnownSanSerif[i])) == 0)
	    return 1;
    return 0;
}

#define boldslant(x) ((x==3)?",BoldItalic":((x==2)?",Italic":((x==1)?",Bold":"")))
static void PDF_endfile(PDFDesc *pd)
{
    int i, startxref, tempnobj, nenc, nfonts, cidnfonts, firstencobj;
    /* object 3 lists all the pages */

    pd->pos[3] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "3 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /Pages\n/Kids [\n");
    for(i = 0; i < pd->pageno; i++)
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 R\n", pd->pageobj[i]);

    fprintf(pd->pdffp,
	    "]\n/Count %d\n/MediaBox [0 0 %d %d]\n>>\nendobj\n",
	    pd->pageno,
	    (int) (0.5 + pd->paperwidth), (int) (0.5 + pd->paperheight));

    /* Object 4 is the standard resources dict for each page */

    pd->pos[4] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    /* fonts */
    /* Dingbats always first */
    fprintf(pd->pdffp,
	    "4 0 obj\n<<\n/ProcSet [/PDF /Text]\n/Font << /F1 5 0 R ");
    /* Count how many encodings will be included
     * fonts come after encodings */
    nenc = 0;
    if (pd->encodings) {
	encodinglist enclist = pd->encodings;
	while (enclist) {
	    nenc++;
	    enclist = enclist->next;
	}
    }
    /* Should be a default text font at least, plus possibly others */
    tempnobj = pd->nobjs + nenc;
    nfonts = 2; /* /F1 is dingbats */
    if (pd->fonts) {
	type1fontlist fontlist = pd->fonts;
	while (fontlist) {
	    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		if(nfonts >= 100 || pd->fontUsed[nfonts]) {
		    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/F%d %d 0 R ", nfonts, ++tempnobj);
		    /* Allow for the font descriptor object, if present */
		    if(!isBase14(fontlist->family->fonts[i]->name)) tempnobj++;
		}
		nfonts++;
	    }
	    fontlist = fontlist->next;
	}
    }
    cidnfonts = 0;
    if (pd->cidfonts) {
	cidfontlist fontlist = pd->cidfonts;
	while (fontlist) {
	    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/F%d %d 0 R ",
			1000 + cidnfonts + 1, ++tempnobj);
		cidnfonts++;
 	    }
	    fontlist = fontlist->next;
	}
    }
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, ">>\n");
    /* graphics state parameter dictionaries */
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/ExtGState << ");
    /* <FIXME> is this correct now ?
    tempnobj = pd->nobjs + nenc + nfonts + cidnfonts; */
    for (i = 0; i < 256 && pd->colAlpha[i] >= 0; i++)
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/GS%i %d 0 R ", i + 1, ++tempnobj);
    for (i = 0; i < 256 && pd->fillAlpha[i] >= 0; i++)
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/GS%i %d 0 R ", i + 257, ++tempnobj);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, ">>\n");

    fprintf(pd->pdffp, ">>\nendobj\n");

    /*
     * Write out objects representing the encodings
     */

    firstencobj = pd->nobjs;
    PDF_Encodings(pd);

    /*
     * Write out objects representing the fonts
     */

    nfonts = 2;
    if (pd->fonts) {
	type1fontlist fontlist = pd->fonts;
	while (fontlist) {
	    FontMetricInfo *metrics;
	    /*
	     * Find the index of the device encoding
	     * This really should be there
	     */
	    int encIndex;
	    encodinginfo encoding =
		findDeviceEncoding(fontlist->family->encoding->encpath,
				   pd->encodings, &encIndex);
	    if (!encoding)
		error(_("Corrupt encodings in PDF device"));
	    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		if (nfonts >= 100 || pd->fontUsed[nfonts]) {
		    type1fontinfo fn = fontlist->family->fonts[i];
		    int base = isBase14(fn->name);
		    metrics = &fn->metrics;
		    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
		    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 obj <<\n/Type /Font\n/Subtype /Type1\n/Name /F%d\n/BaseFont /%s\n",
			    pd->nobjs,
			    nfonts,
			    fn->name);
		    if (!base) {
			int ii, first, last, tmp;
			for(first = 1, ii = 0; ii < 255; ii++)
			    if(metrics->CharInfo[ii].WX != NA_SHORT) {
				first = ii;
				break;
			    }
			for(last = 255, ii = 254; ii >= 0; ii--)
			    if(metrics->CharInfo[ii].WX != NA_SHORT) {
				last = ii + 1;
				break;
			    }
			fprintf(pd->pdffp,
				"/FirstChar %d /LastChar %d /Widths [\n",
				first, last);
			for (ii = first; ii <= last; ii++) {
			    tmp = metrics->CharInfo[ii].WX;
			    fprintf(pd->pdffp, " %d", tmp==NA_SHORT ? 0 : tmp);
			    if ((ii + 1) % 15 == 0) fprintf(pd->pdffp, "\n");
			}
			fprintf(pd->pdffp, "]\n");
			fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/FontDescriptor %d 0 R\n",
				pd->nobjs + 1);
		    }
		    if(i < 4)
			fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/Encoding %d 0 R\n",
				/* Encodings come after dingbats font which is
				 * object 5 */
				encIndex + firstencobj);
		    fprintf(pd->pdffp, ">> endobj\n");
		    if(!base) {
			/* write font descriptor */
			int flags = 32 /*bit 6, non-symbolic*/ +
			    ((i==2 || i==3) ? 64/* italic */: 0) +
			    (metrics->IsFixedPitch > 0 ? 1 : 0) +
			    (isSans(fn->name) ? 0 : 2);
			/* <FIXME> we have no real way to know
			   if this is serif or not */
			pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
			fprintf(pd->pdffp,
				"%d 0 obj <<\n"
				" /Type /FontDescriptor\n"
				" /FontName /%s\n"
				" /Flags %d\n"
				" /FontBBox [%d %d %d %d]\n"
				" /CapHeight %d\n /Ascent %d\n /Descent %d\n"
				" /ItalicAngle %d\n /XHeight %d\n /StemV %d\n"
				">>\nendobj\n",
				pd->nobjs,
				fn->name,
				(i == 4) ? 4 : flags,
				metrics->FontBBox[0], metrics->FontBBox[1],
				metrics->FontBBox[2], metrics->FontBBox[3],
				metrics->CapHeight, metrics->Ascender,
				metrics->Descender,
				metrics->ItalicAngle, metrics->XHeight,
				(metrics->StemV != NA_SHORT) ? metrics->StemV :
				(i==2 || i==3) ? 140 : 83);
		    }
		}
		nfonts++;
	    }
	    fontlist = fontlist->next;
	}
    }
    cidnfonts = 0;
    if (pd->cidfonts) {
	cidfontlist fontlist = pd->cidfonts;
	if(pd->versionMajor == 1 && pd->versionMinor < 3) {
	    pd->versionMinor  = 3;
	    warning(_("increasing the PDF version to 1.3"));
	}
	while (fontlist) {
	    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp,
			/** format **/
			"%d 0 obj\n"
			"<<\n"
			"  /Type /Font\n"
			"  /Subtype /Type0\n"
			"  /Name /F%d\n"
			"  /BaseFont /%s%s\n"
			"  /DescendantFonts [\n"
			"    <<\n"
			"      /Type /Font\n"
			"      /Subtype /CIDFontType0\n"
			"      /BaseFont /%s%s\n"
			"      %s"
			"    >>\n"
			"  ]\n"
			"  /Encoding /%s\n"
			">>\n"
			"endobj\n",
			/** vararg **/
			pd->nobjs,                          /* pdf objnum  */
			1000 + cidnfonts + 1,               /* - face      */
			fontlist->cidfamily->cidfonts[i]->name,/* /BaseFont*/
			boldslant(i),                       /* - boldslant */
			fontlist->cidfamily->cidfonts[i]->name,/* /BaseFont*/
			boldslant(i),                       /* - boldslant */
			                                    /* Resource    */
			/*
			 * Pull the resource out of R object
			 * Hopefully one day this will be unnecessary
			 */
			getCIDFontPDFResource(fontlist->cidfamily->fxname),
			fontlist->cidfamily->cmap           /* /Encoding   */
			);
		cidnfonts++;
	    }
	    /* Symbol face does not use encoding */
	    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /Font\n/Subtype /Type1\n/Name /F%d\n/BaseFont /%s\n>>\nendobj\n",
		    pd->nobjs,
		    1000 + cidnfonts + 1,
		    fontlist->cidfamily->symfont->name);
	    cidnfonts++;
	    fontlist = fontlist->next;
	}
    }

    /*
     * Write out objects representing the graphics state parameter
     * dictionaries for alpha transparency
     */
    for (i = 0; i < 256 && pd->colAlpha[i] >= 0; i++) {
	pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
	fprintf(pd->pdffp,
		"%d 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /ExtGState\n/CA %1.3f >>\nendobj\n",
		pd->nobjs, pd->colAlpha[i]/255.0);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 256 && pd->fillAlpha[i] >= 0; i++) {
	pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
	fprintf(pd->pdffp,
		"%d 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /ExtGState\n/ca %1.3f\n>>\nendobj\n",
		pd->nobjs, pd->fillAlpha[i]/255.0);
    }

    /* write out xref table */

    startxref = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    /* items here must be exactly 20 bytes including terminator */
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "xref\n0 %d\n", pd->nobjs+1);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "0000000000 65535 f \n");
    for(i = 1; i <= pd->nobjs; i++)
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%010d 00000 n \n", pd->pos[i]);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp,
	    "trailer\n<<\n/Size %d\n/Info 1 0 R\n/Root 2 0 R\n>>\nstartxref\n%d\n",
	    pd->nobjs+1, startxref);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%%%%EOF\n");

    /* now seek back and update the header */
    rewind(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%%PDF-%i.%i\n", pd->versionMajor, pd->versionMinor);
    fclose(pd->pdffp);
}


static Rboolean PDF_Open(NewDevDesc *dd, PDFDesc *pd)
{
    char buf[512];

    /* NB: this must be binary to get tell positions and line endings right */

    snprintf(buf, 512, pd->filename, pd->fileno + 1); /* file 1 to start */
    pd->pdffp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "wb");
    if (!pd->pdffp) {
	warning(_("cannot open 'pdf' file argument '%s'"), buf);
	return FALSE;
    }

    PDF_startfile(pd);
    return TRUE;
}

static void PDF_Clip(double x0, double x1, double y0, double y1, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
    if(x0 != 0.0 || y0 != 0.0 || x1 != 72*pd->width || y1 != 72*pd->height)
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "Q q %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f re W n\n",
		x0, y0, x1 - x0, y1 - y0);
    else fprintf(pd->pdffp, "Q q\n");
    PDF_Invalidate(dd);
}

static void PDF_Size(double *left, double *right,
		     double *bottom, double *top,
		     NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    *left = dd->left;
    *right = dd->right;
    *bottom = dd->bottom;
    *top = dd->top;
}

static void PDF_endpage(PDFDesc *pd)
{
    int here;
    if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "Q\n");
    here = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "endstream\nendobj\n");
    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 obj\n%d\nendobj\n", pd->nobjs,
	    here - pd->startstream);
}

static void PDF_NewPage(R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    char buf[512];

    if(pd->pageno >= pd->pagemax || pd->nobjs >= 3*pd->pagemax) {
	pd->pageobj = (int *)
	    realloc(pd->pageobj, 2*pd->pagemax * sizeof(int));
	pd->pos = (int *) realloc(pd->pos,
				  (6*pd->pagemax + 50) * sizeof(int));
	if(!pd->pos || !pd->pageobj)
	    error(_("unable to increase page limit: please shutdown the pdf device"));
	pd->pagemax *= 2;
    }


    if(pd->pageno > 0) {
	PDF_endpage(pd);
	if(!pd->onefile) {
	    PDF_endfile(pd);
	    pd->fileno++;
	    snprintf(buf, 512, pd->filename, pd->fileno + 1); /* file 1 to start */
	    pd->pdffp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(buf), "wb");
	    if (!pd->pdffp)
		error(_("cannot open 'pdf' file argument '%s'\n  please shut down the PDF device"), buf);
	    PDF_startfile(pd);
	}
    }

    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    pd->pageobj[pd->pageno++] = pd->nobjs;
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 obj\n<<\n/Type /Page\n/Parent 3 0 R\n/Contents %d 0 R\n/Resources 4 0 R\n>>\nendobj\n",
	    pd->nobjs, pd->nobjs+1);
    pd->pos[++pd->nobjs] = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%d 0 obj\n<<\n/Length %d 0 R\n>>\nstream\r\n",
	    pd->nobjs, pd->nobjs + 1);
    pd->startstream = (int) ftell(pd->pdffp);
    /*
     * Line end/join/mitre now controlled by user
     * Same old defaults
     *
     * fprintf(pd->pdffp, "1 J 1 j 10 M q\n");
     */
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "q\n");
    PDF_Invalidate(dd);
    if(R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) {
	PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "0 0 %.2f %.2f re f\n",
		72.0 * pd->width, 72.0 * pd->height);
    }
    pd->inText = FALSE;
}

static void PDF_Close(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    if(pd->pageno > 0) PDF_endpage(pd);
    PDF_endfile(pd);
    freeDeviceFontList(pd->fonts);
    freeDeviceEncList(pd->encodings);
    pd->fonts = NULL;
    pd->encodings = NULL;
    free(pd->pos); free(pd->pageobj); free(pd);
}

static void PDF_Activate(NewDevDesc *dd) {}
static void PDF_Deactivate(NewDevDesc *dd) {}

static void PDF_Rect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int code;

    if (semiTransparent(gc->col) || semiTransparent(gc->fill)) {
	if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
	PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f re B\n", x0, y0, x1-x0, y1-y0);
    } else {
	code = 2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) + (R_OPAQUE(gc->col));
	if (code) {
	    if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	    if(code & 2)
		PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	    if(code & 1) {
		PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
		PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	    }
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f re", x0, y0, x1-x0, y1-y0);
	    switch(code){
	    case 1: fprintf(pd->pdffp, " S\n"); break;
	    case 2: fprintf(pd->pdffp, " f\n"); break;
	    case 3: fprintf(pd->pdffp, " B\n"); break;
	    }
	}
    }
}

/* r is in device coords */
static void PDF_Circle(double x, double y, double r,
		       R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		       NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int code, tr;
    double xx, yy, a;

    /*
     * Only try to do real transparency if version at least 1.4
     */
    if (semiTransparent(gc->col) || semiTransparent(gc->fill)) {
	PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
	PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	/*
	 * Due to possible bug in Acrobat Reader for rendering
	 * semi-transparent text, only ever draw Bezier curves
	 * regardless of circle size.
	 */
	{
	    double s = 0.55 * r;
	    if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f m\n", x - r, y);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
		    x - r, y + s, x - s, y + r, x, y + r);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
		    x + s, y + r, x + r, y + s, x + r, y);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
		    x + r, y - s, x + s, y - r, x, y - r);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
		    x - s, y - r, x - r, y - s, x - r, y);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "B\n");
	}
    } else {
	code = 2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) + (R_OPAQUE(gc->col));
	if (code) {
	    if(code & 2)
		PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	    if(code & 1) {
		PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
		PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	    }
	    if(r > 10) { /* somewhat arbitrary, use font up to 20pt */
		/* Use four Bezier curves, hand-fitted to quadrants */
		double s = 0.55 * r;
		if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f m\n", x - r, y);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
			x - r, y + s, x - s, y + r, x, y + r);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
			x + s, y + r, x + r, y + s, x + r, y);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
			x + r, y - s, x + s, y - r, x, y - r);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f c\n",
			x - s, y - r, x - r, y - s, x - r, y);
		switch(code){
		case 1: fprintf(pd->pdffp, "S\n"); break;
		case 2: fprintf(pd->pdffp, "f\n"); break;
		case 3: fprintf(pd->pdffp, "B\n"); break;
		}
	    } else {
		/* Use char 108 in Dingbats, which is a solid disc
		   afm is C 108 ; WX 791 ; N a71 ; B 35 -14 757 708 ;
		   so diameter = 0.722 * size
		   centre = (0.396, 0.347) * size
		*/
		a = 2./0.722 * r;
		xx = x - 0.396*a;
		yy = y - 0.347*a;
		tr = (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) +
		    2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) - 1;
		if(!pd->inText) texton(pd);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp,
			"/F1 1 Tf %d Tr %.2f 0 0 %.2f %.2f %.2f Tm",
			tr, a, a, xx, yy);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, " (l) Tj 0 Tr\n");
	    }
	}
    }
}

static void PDF_Line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;

    PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
    PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
    if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f m %.2f %.2f l S\n", x1, y1, x2, y2);
}

static void PDF_Polygon(int n, double *x, double *y,
			R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    double xx, yy;
    int i, code;

    /*
     * Only try to do real transparency if version at least 1.4
     */
    if (semiTransparent(gc->col) || semiTransparent(gc->fill)) {
	if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
	PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	xx = x[0];
	yy = y[0];
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f m\n", xx, yy);
	for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) {
	    xx = x[i];
	    yy = y[i];
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f l\n", xx, yy);
	}
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "b\n");
    } else {
	code = 2 * (R_OPAQUE(gc->fill)) + (R_OPAQUE(gc->col));
	if (code) {
	    if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	    if(code & 2)
		PDF_SetFill(gc->fill, dd);
	    if(code & 1) {
		PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
		PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	    }
	    xx = x[0];
	    yy = y[0];
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f m\n", xx, yy);
	    for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) {
		xx = x[i];
		yy = y[i];
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "  %.2f %.2f l\n", xx, yy);
	    }
	    switch(code){
	    case 1: fprintf(pd->pdffp, "s\n"); break;
	    case 2: fprintf(pd->pdffp, "h f\n"); break;
	    case 3: fprintf(pd->pdffp, "b\n"); break;
	    }
	}
    }
}

static void PDF_Polyline(int n, double *x, double *y,
			 R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			 NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc*) dd->deviceSpecific;
    double xx, yy;
    int i;

    /*
     * Only try to do real transparency if version at least 1.4
     */
    if (semiTransparent(gc->col) || semiTransparent(gc->fill)) {
	if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
	PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	xx = x[0];
	yy = y[0];
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f m\n", xx, yy);
	for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) {
	    xx = x[i];
	    yy = y[i];
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f l\n", xx, yy);
	}
	fprintf(pd->pdffp, "S\n");
    } else {
	if(pd->inText) textoff(pd);
	if(R_OPAQUE(gc->col)) {
	    PDF_SetLineColor(gc->col, dd);
	    PDF_SetLineStyle(gc, dd);
	    xx = x[0];
	    yy = y[0];
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f m\n", xx, yy);
	    for(i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) {
		xx = x[i];
		yy = y[i];
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%.2f %.2f l\n", xx, yy);
	    }
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "S\n");
	}
    }
}

static int PDFfontNumber(char *family, int face, PDFDesc *pd)
{
    /* DingBats is font 1 */
    int num = 1;

    if (strlen(family) > 0) {
	int fontIndex, cidfontIndex;
	/*
	 * Try to find font in already loaded fonts
	 */
	type1fontfamily fontfamily = findDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts,
						    &fontIndex);
	cidfontfamily cidfontfamily = findDeviceCIDFont(family, pd->cidfonts,
							&cidfontIndex);
	if (fontfamily)
	    num = (fontIndex - 1)*5 + 1 + face;
	else if (cidfontfamily)
	    /*
	     * Use very high font number for CID fonts to avoid
	     * Type 1 fonts
	     */
	    num = 1000 + (cidfontIndex - 1)*5 + 1 + face;
	else {
            /*
             * Check whether the font is loaded and, if not,
             * load it.
             */
            fontfamily = findLoadedFont(family, 
                                        pd->encodings->encoding->encpath, 
                                        TRUE);
            cidfontfamily = findLoadedCIDFont(family, TRUE);
            if (!(fontfamily || cidfontfamily)) {
                if (isType1Font(family, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
                    fontfamily = addFont(family, TRUE, pd->encodings);
                } else if (isCIDFont(family, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
                    cidfontfamily = addCIDFont(family, TRUE);
                } else {
                    /*
                     * Should NOT get here.
                     */
                    error(_("Invalid font type"));
                }
            }
            /*
             * Once the font is loaded, add it to the device's
             * list of fonts.
             */
            if (fontfamily || cidfontfamily) {
                if (isType1Font(family, PDFFonts, NULL)) {
                    if (addPDFDevicefont(fontfamily, pd, &fontIndex)) {
                        num = (fontIndex - 1)*5 + 1 + face;
                    } else {
                        fontfamily = NULL;
                    }
                } else /* (isCIDFont(family, PDFFonts)) */ {
		    if (addPDFDeviceCIDfont(cidfontfamily, pd,
					    &cidfontIndex)) {
			num = 1000 + (cidfontIndex - 1)*5 + 1 + face;
		    } else {
			cidfontfamily = NULL;
		    }
                }
            }
	}
	if (!(fontfamily || cidfontfamily))
	    error(_("Failed to find or load PDF font"));
    } else {
	if (isType1Font(family, PDFFonts, pd->defaultFont))
	    num = 1 + face;
	else
	    num = 1000 + face;
    }
    if(num < 100) pd->fontUsed[num] = TRUE;
    return num;
}

static void PDFSimpleText(double x, double y, char *str,
			  double rot, double hadj,
			  int font,
			  R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			  NewDevDesc *dd) {
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int size = (int)floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5);
    int face = gc->fontface;
    double a, b, rot1;
    char *str1 = str;

    if(face < 1 || face > 5) {
	warning(_("attempt to use invalid font %d replaced by font 1"), face);
	face = 1;
    }
    rot1 = rot * DEG2RAD;
    a = size * cos(rot1);
    b = size * sin(rot1);
    /* avoid printing -0.00 on rotated text */
    if(fabs(a) < 0.01) a = 0.0;
    if(fabs(b) < 0.01) b = 0.0;
    if(!pd->inText) texton(pd);
    PDF_SetFill(gc->col, dd);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/F%d 1 Tf %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f Tm ",
	    font,
	    a, b, -b, a, x, y);
    PostScriptWriteString(pd->pdffp, str1);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, " Tj\n");
}

#ifndef SUPPORT_MBCS
static void PDF_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		     double rot, double hadj,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    PDFSimpleText(x, y, str, rot, hadj,
		  PDFfontNumber(gc->fontfamily, gc->fontface, pd),
		  gc, dd);
}

#else
static char *PDFconvname(char *family, PDFDesc *pd);

static void PDF_Text(double x, double y, char *str,
		     double rot, double hadj,
		     R_GE_gcontext *gc,
		     NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int size = (int) floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5);
    int face = gc->fontface;
    double a, b, rot1;
    char *str1 = str;
    char *buff;

    if(face < 1 || face > 5) {
	warning(_("attempt to use invalid font %d replaced by font 1"), face);
	face = 1;
    }
    if (face == 5) {
	PDFSimpleText(x, y, str, rot, hadj,
		      PDFfontNumber(gc->fontfamily, face, pd),
		      gc, dd);
    }

    rot1 = rot * DEG2RAD;
    a = size * cos(rot1);
    b = size * sin(rot1);
    /* avoid printing -0.00 on rotated text */
    if(fabs(a) < 0.01) a = 0.0;
    if(fabs(b) < 0.01) b = 0.0;
    if(!pd->inText) texton(pd);

    if(isCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, PDFFonts, pd->defaultCIDFont) && face != 5) {
	/* NB we could be in a SBCS here */
        unsigned char *buf = NULL /* -Wall */;
        size_t ucslen;
	unsigned char *p;
	int fontIndex;

        /*
         * CID convert optimize PDF encoding == locale encode case
         */
	cidfontfamily cidfont = findDeviceCIDFont(gc->fontfamily,
						  pd->cidfonts,
						  &fontIndex);
	if (!cidfont) {
	    int dontcare;
	    /*
	     * Try to load the font
	     */
	    cidfont = addCIDFont(gc->fontfamily, 1);
	    if (cidfont) {
		if (!addPDFDeviceCIDfont(cidfont, pd, &dontcare)) {
		    cidfont = NULL;
		}
	    }
	}
	if (!cidfont)
	    error(_("Failed to find or load PDF CID font"));
        if(!strcmp(locale2charset(NULL), cidfont->encoding)) {
	    PDF_SetFill(gc->col, dd);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp,
		    "/F%d 1 Tf %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f Tm ",
		    PDFfontNumber(gc->fontfamily, face, pd),
		    a, b, -b, a, x, y);
	    
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "<");
	    p = (unsigned char *) str;
	    while(*p)
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%02x", *p++);
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, ">");
	    fprintf(pd->pdffp, " Tj\n");
            return;
        }

        /*
         * CID convert  PDF encoding != locale encode case
         */
	ucslen = mbstowcs(NULL, str, 0);
        if (ucslen != (size_t)-1) {
	    void *cd;
	    char  *i_buf, *o_buf;
	    size_t i, nb, i_len,  o_len, buflen = ucslen*sizeof(ucs2_t);
	    size_t status;
	    unsigned char *p;

	    cd = (void*)Riconv_open(cidfont->encoding, "");
	    if(cd  == (void*)-1) return;

	    buf = (unsigned char *) alloca(buflen);
	    R_CheckStack();

	    i_buf = str;
	    o_buf = (char *)buf;
	    i_len = strlen(str); /* no terminator,
				    as output a byte at a time */
	    nb = o_len = buflen;

	    status = Riconv(cd, (char **)&i_buf, (size_t *)&i_len,
			    (char **)&o_buf, (size_t *)&o_len);

	    Riconv_close(cd);
	    if(status == (size_t)-1)
                warning(_("failed in text conversion to encoding '%s'"),
			cidfont->encoding);
	    else {
		PDF_SetFill(gc->col, dd);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp,
			"/F%d 1 Tf %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f Tm <",
			PDFfontNumber(gc->fontfamily, face, pd),
			a, b, -b, a, x, y);
		for(i = 0, p = buf; i < nb - o_len; i++)
		    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "%02x", *p++);
		fprintf(pd->pdffp, "> Tj\n");
	    }
	    return;
	} else {
	    warning(_("invalid string in '%s'"), "PDF_Text");
	    return;
	}
    }

    PDF_SetFill(gc->col, dd);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, "/F%d 1 Tf %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f Tm ",
	    PDFfontNumber(gc->fontfamily, face, pd),
	    a, b, -b, a, x, y);
    if(utf8locale && !utf8strIsASCII(str1) && face < 5) {
	buff = alloca(strlen(str)+1); /* Output string cannot be longer */
	R_CheckStack();
	mbcsToSbcs(str, buff, PDFconvname(gc->fontfamily, pd));
	str1 = buff;
    }
    PostScriptWriteString(pd->pdffp, str1);
    fprintf(pd->pdffp, " Tj\n");
}
#endif

static Rboolean PDF_Locator(double *x, double *y, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    return FALSE;
}

static void PDF_Mode(int mode, NewDevDesc* dd)
{
}

static void PDF_Hold(NewDevDesc *dd)
{
}

static FontMetricInfo *PDFCIDsymbolmetricInfo(char *family,
					      PDFDesc *pd)
{
    FontMetricInfo *result = NULL;
    if (strlen(family) > 0) {
	int dontcare;
	/*
	 * Find the family in pd->cidfonts
	 */
	cidfontfamily fontfamily = findDeviceCIDFont(family,
						     pd->cidfonts,
						     &dontcare);
	if (fontfamily)
	    result = &(fontfamily->symfont->metrics);
	else {
	    /*
	     * Try to load the font
	     */
	    fontfamily = addCIDFont(family, 1);
	    if (fontfamily) {
		if (addPDFDeviceCIDfont(fontfamily, pd, &dontcare)) {
		    result = &(fontfamily->symfont->metrics);
		} else {
		    fontfamily = NULL;
		}
	    }
	}
	if (!fontfamily)
	    error(_("Failed to find or load PDF CID font"));
    } else {
        result = &(pd->cidfonts->cidfamily->symfont->metrics);
    }
    return result;
}

static FontMetricInfo *PDFmetricInfo(char *family, int face,
				     PDFDesc *pd)
{
    FontMetricInfo *result = NULL;
    if (strlen(family) > 0) {
	int dontcare;
	/*
	 * Find the family in pd->fonts
	 */
	type1fontfamily fontfamily = findDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts,
						    &dontcare);
	if (fontfamily)
	    result = &(fontfamily->fonts[face-1]->metrics);
	else {
            /*
             * Check whether the font is loaded and, if not,
             * load it.
             */
            fontfamily = findLoadedFont(family, 
                                        pd->encodings->encoding->encpath, 
                                        TRUE);
            if (!fontfamily) {
                fontfamily = addFont(family, TRUE, pd->encodings);
            }
            /*
             * Once the font is loaded, add it to the device's
             * list of fonts.
             */
            if (fontfamily) {
                int dontcare;
                if (!addPDFDevicefont(fontfamily, pd, &dontcare)) {
                    fontfamily = NULL;
                }
            }
	}
	if (!fontfamily)
	    error(_("Failed to find or load PDF font"));
    } else {
        result = &(pd->fonts->family->fonts[face-1]->metrics);
    }
    return result;
}

static char *PDFconvname(char *family,
			 PDFDesc *pd)
{
    char *result = pd->fonts->family->encoding->convname;
    if (strlen(family) > 0) {
	int dontcare;
	/*
	 * Find the family in pd->fonts
	 */
	type1fontfamily fontfamily = findDeviceFont(family, pd->fonts,
						    &dontcare);
	if (fontfamily)
	    result = fontfamily->encoding->convname;
	else {
            /*
             * Check whether the font is loaded and, if not,
             * load it.
             */
            fontfamily = findLoadedFont(family, 
                                        pd->encodings->encoding->encpath, 
                                        TRUE);
            if (!fontfamily) {
                fontfamily = addFont(family, TRUE, pd->encodings);
            }
            /*
             * Once the font is loaded, add it to the device's
             * list of fonts.
             */
            if (fontfamily) {
                int dontcare;
                if (!addPDFDevicefont(fontfamily, pd, &dontcare)) {
                    fontfamily = NULL;
                }
            }
	}
	if (!fontfamily)
	    error(_("Failed to find or load PDF font"));
    }
    return result;
}

static double PDF_StrWidth(char *str,
			   R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			   NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int face = gc->fontface;

    if(gc->fontface < 1 || gc->fontface > 5) gc->fontface = 1;
    if (isType1Font(gc->fontfamily, PDFFonts, pd->defaultFont)) {
	return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	    PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
				  PDFmetricInfo(gc->fontfamily,
						gc->fontface, pd),
				  gc->fontface,
				  PDFconvname(gc->fontfamily, pd));
    } else { /* cidfont(gc->fontfamily) */
        if (face < 5) {
	    return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	        PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
				      NULL,
				      gc->fontface, NULL);
	} else {
	    return floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) *
	        PostScriptStringWidth((unsigned char *)str,
				      PDFCIDsymbolmetricInfo(gc->fontfamily,
							     pd),
				      gc->fontface, NULL);
	}
    }
}

static void PDF_MetricInfo(int c,
			   R_GE_gcontext *gc,
			   double* ascent, double* descent,
			   double* width, NewDevDesc *dd)
{
    PDFDesc *pd = (PDFDesc *) dd->deviceSpecific;
    int face = gc->fontface;

    if(gc->fontface < 1 || gc->fontface > 5) gc->fontface = 1;
    if (isType1Font(gc->fontfamily, PDFFonts, pd->defaultFont)) {
	PostScriptMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width,
			     PDFmetricInfo(gc->fontfamily,
					   gc->fontface, pd),
			     face == 5, PDFconvname(gc->fontfamily, pd));
    } else { /* cidfont(gc->fontfamily) */
        if (face < 5) {
	    PostScriptCIDMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width);
	} else {
	    PostScriptMetricInfo(c, ascent, descent, width,
				 PDFCIDsymbolmetricInfo(gc->fontfamily, pd),
				 TRUE, "");
	}
    }
    *ascent = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *ascent;
    *descent = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *descent;
    *width = floor(gc->cex * gc->ps + 0.5) * *width;
}


/*  PostScript Device Driver Parameters:
 *  ------------------------
 *  file	= output filename
 *  paper	= paper type
 *  family	= typeface = "family"
 *  encoding	= char encoding file name
 *  cidfamily	= char encoding file name for CID fonts
 *  bg		= background color
 *  fg		= foreground color
 *  width	= width in inches
 *  height	= height in inches
 *  horizontal	= {TRUE: landscape; FALSE: portrait}
 *  ps		= pointsize
 *  onefile     = {TRUE: normal; FALSE: single EPSF page}
 *  pagecentre  = centre plot region on paper?
 *  printit     = 'print' after closing device?
 *  command     = 'print' command
 *  title       = character string
 */

SEXP PostScript(SEXP args)
{
    NewDevDesc *dev = NULL;
    GEDevDesc *dd;
    char *vmax;
    char *file, *paper, *family=NULL, *bg, *fg, *cmd;
    char *afms[5], *encoding, *title, call[] = "postscript";
    int i, horizontal, onefile, pagecentre, printit;
    double height, width, ps;
    SEXP fam, fonts;

    vmax = vmaxget();
    args = CDR(args); /* skip entry point name */
    file = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));  args = CDR(args);
    paper = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args))); args = CDR(args);

    /* 'family' can be either one string or a 5-vector of afmpaths. */
    fam = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if(length(fam) == 1)
	family = CHAR(asChar(fam));
    else if(length(fam) == 5) {
	if(!isString(fam)) error(_("invalid 'family' parameter in %s"), call);
	family = "User";
	for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) afms[i] = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fam, i));
    } else
	error(_("invalid 'family' parameter in %s"), call);

    encoding = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    bg = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    fg = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    width = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    height = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    horizontal = asLogical(CAR(args));args = CDR(args);
    if(horizontal == NA_LOGICAL)
	horizontal = 1;
    ps = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    onefile = asLogical(CAR(args));   args = CDR(args);
    pagecentre = asLogical(CAR(args));args = CDR(args);
    printit = asLogical(CAR(args));   args = CDR(args);
    cmd = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    title = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));  args = CDR(args);
    fonts = CAR(args);
    if (!isNull(fonts) && !isString(fonts))
	error(_("invalid 'fonts' parameter in %s"), call);

    R_CheckDeviceAvailable();
    BEGIN_SUSPEND_INTERRUPTS {
	if (!(dev = (NewDevDesc *) calloc(1, sizeof(NewDevDesc))))
	    return 0;
	/* Do this for early redraw attempts */
	dev->displayList = R_NilValue;
	/* Make sure that this is initialised before a GC can occur.
	 * This (and displayList) get protected during GC
	 */
	dev->savedSnapshot = R_NilValue;
	if(!PSDeviceDriver(dev, file, paper, family, afms, encoding, bg, fg,
			   width, height, (double)horizontal, ps, onefile,
			   pagecentre, printit, cmd, title, fonts)) {
	    /* free(dev); No, dev freed inside PSDeviceDrive */
	    error(_("unable to start device PostScript"));
	}
	gsetVar(install(".Device"), mkString("postscript"), R_BaseEnv);
	dd = GEcreateDevDesc(dev);
	addDevice((DevDesc*) dd);
	GEinitDisplayList(dd);
    } END_SUSPEND_INTERRUPTS;
    vmaxset(vmax);
    return R_NilValue;
}



/*  XFig Device Driver Parameters:
 *  ------------------------
 *  file	= output filename
 *  paper	= paper type
 *  family	= typeface = "family"
 *  bg		= background color
 *  fg		= foreground color
 *  width	= width in inches
 *  height	= height in inches
 *  horizontal	= {TRUE: landscape; FALSE: portrait}
 *  ps		= pointsize
 *  onefile     = {TRUE: normal; FALSE: single EPSF page}
 *  pagecentre  = centre plot region on paper?
 *  encoding
 */

SEXP XFig(SEXP args)
{
    NewDevDesc *dev = NULL;
    GEDevDesc *dd;
    char *vmax;
    char *file, *paper, *family, *bg, *fg, *encoding;
    int horizontal, onefile, pagecentre;
    double height, width, ps;

    vmax = vmaxget();
    args = CDR(args); /* skip entry point name */
    file = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));  args = CDR(args);
    paper = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args))); args = CDR(args);
    family = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));  args = CDR(args);
    bg = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    fg = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    width = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    height = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    horizontal = asLogical(CAR(args));args = CDR(args);
    if(horizontal == NA_LOGICAL)
	horizontal = 1;
    ps = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    onefile = asLogical(CAR(args));   args = CDR(args);
    pagecentre = asLogical(CAR(args));args = CDR(args);
    encoding = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));

    R_CheckDeviceAvailable();
    BEGIN_SUSPEND_INTERRUPTS {
	if (!(dev = (NewDevDesc *) calloc(1, sizeof(NewDevDesc))))
	    return 0;
	/* Do this for early redraw attempts */
	dev->displayList = R_NilValue;
	/* Make sure that this is initialised before a GC can occur.
	 * This (and displayList) get protected during GC
	 */
	dev->savedSnapshot = R_NilValue;
	if(!XFigDeviceDriver(dev, file, paper, family, bg, fg, width, height,
			     (double) horizontal, ps, onefile, pagecentre,
			     encoding)) {
	    /* free(dev); No, freed inside XFigDeviceDriver */
	    error(_("unable to start device xfig"));
	}
	gsetVar(install(".Device"), mkString("xfig"), R_BaseEnv);
	dd = GEcreateDevDesc(dev);
	addDevice((DevDesc*) dd);
	GEinitDisplayList(dd);
    } END_SUSPEND_INTERRUPTS;
    vmaxset(vmax);
    return R_NilValue;
}


/*  PDF Device Driver Parameters:
 *  ------------------------
 *  file	= output filename
 *  family	= typeface = "family"
 *  encoding	= char encoding file name
 *  cidfamily	= char encoding file name for CID fonts
 *  bg		= background color
 *  fg		= foreground color
 *  width	= width in inches
 *  height	= height in inches
 *  ps		= pointsize
 *  onefile     = {TRUE: normal; FALSE: single page per file}
 *  title
 *  fonts
 *  versionMajor
 *  versionMinor
 */

SEXP PDF(SEXP args)
{
    NewDevDesc *dev = NULL;
    GEDevDesc *dd;
    char *vmax;
    char *file, *paper, *encoding, *family = NULL /* -Wall */,
	*bg, *fg, *title, call[] = "PDF", *afms[5];
    double height, width, ps;
    int i, onefile, pagecentre, major, minor;
    SEXP fam, fonts;

    vmax = vmaxget();
    args = CDR(args); /* skip entry point name */
    file = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));  args = CDR(args);
    paper = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args))); args = CDR(args);
    fam = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if(length(fam) == 1)
	family = CHAR(asChar(fam));
    else if(length(fam) == 5) {
	if(!isString(fam)) error(_("invalid 'family' parameter in %s"), call);
	family = "User";
	for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) afms[i] = CHAR(STRING_ELT(fam, i));
    } else
	error(_("invalid 'family' parameter in %s"), call);
    encoding = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));  args = CDR(args);
    bg = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    fg = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args)));    args = CDR(args);
    width = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    height = asReal(CAR(args));	      args = CDR(args);
    ps = asReal(CAR(args));           args = CDR(args);
    onefile = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    pagecentre = asLogical(CAR(args));args = CDR(args);
    title = CHAR(asChar(CAR(args))); args = CDR(args);
    fonts = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if (!isNull(fonts) && !isString(fonts))
	error(_("invalid 'fonts' parameter in %s"), call);
    major = asInteger(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    minor = asInteger(CAR(args));

    R_CheckDeviceAvailable();
    BEGIN_SUSPEND_INTERRUPTS {
	if (!(dev = (NewDevDesc *) calloc(1, sizeof(NewDevDesc))))
	    return 0;
	/* Do this for early redraw attempts */
	dev->displayList = R_NilValue;
	/* Make sure that this is initialised before a GC can occur.
	 * This (and displayList) get protected during GC
	 */
	dev->savedSnapshot = R_NilValue;
	if(!PDFDeviceDriver(dev, file, paper, family, afms, encoding, bg, fg,
			    width, height, ps, onefile, pagecentre,
			    title, fonts, major, minor)) {
	    /* free(dev); PDFDeviceDriver now frees */
	    error(_("unable to start device pdf"));
	}
	gsetVar(install(".Device"), mkString("pdf"), R_BaseEnv);
	dd = GEcreateDevDesc(dev);
	addDevice((DevDesc*) dd);
	GEinitDisplayList(dd);
    } END_SUSPEND_INTERRUPTS;
    vmaxset(vmax);
    return R_NilValue;
}
